粪肥中残留抗生素对不同蔬菜种子萌发过程中胚根伸长及子叶叶绿素合成的影响

Effects of Antibiotics Residues in Manure on Radicle Elongation and Chlorophyll Synthesis in Cotyledon During Vegetable Seed Germination

为合理使用抗生素,采用保湿培养法,研究土壤粪肥中不同浓度兽用抗生素土霉素、氯霉素、金霉素和诺氟沙星对白菜、油菜和萝卜的发芽率、胚根长、胚根鲜重及子叶叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:高浓度抗生素能降低种子发芽率,其中70 mg·L^(-1)金霉素对白菜种子萌发抑制率达30.2%;显著抑制胚根伸长,200 mg·L^(-1)金霉素对白菜胚根长抑制率均达到93.5%;降低平均胚根鲜重,白菜种子在200 mg·L^(-1)诺氟沙星作用下胚根鲜重降低75.6%;同时严重抑制子叶的叶绿素合成,200 mg·L^(-1)氯霉素对白菜子叶的叶绿素抑制率高达99.8%,子叶基本无法合成叶绿素。故土壤中残留的高浓度抗生素对蔬菜种子萌发状态的影响需引起重视。

In order to rationally use antibiotics,the effects of different concentrations of veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline,chloramphenicol,aureomycin and norfloxacin in soil manure on germination rate,radicle length,radicle fresh weight and chlorophyll content in cotyledon of Chinese cabbage,rape and radish were studied by moisturizing culture method.The results showed that the high concentration of antibiotics generally reduced the seed germination rate,and the inhibition rate of 70 mg·L^(-1) aureomycin on Chinese cabbage seed germination was 30.2%.The radicle length inhibition rate of 200 mg·L^(-1) aureomycin was 93.5%,and the average radicle fresh weight was reduced.The radicle fresh weight of Chinese cabbage seeds was reduced by 75.6%under the treatment of 200 mg·L^(-1) norfloxacin,and the chlorophyll synthesis of cotyledons was severely inhibited.The inhibition rate of chlorophyll in cotyledon of Chinese cabbage by chloramphenicol at 200 mg·L^(-1) was 99.8%,and chlorophyll could not be synthesized in cotyledon.The influence of high concentration of antibiotics in soil on the germination of vegetable seeds should not be ignored and should be paid more attention.