学龄前正常儿童应用事件相关电位N400的探索性研究

Exploration of the N400 event-related potential in normal preschool children

目的了解学龄前正常儿童事件相关电位N400潜伏期、波幅特点和发展规律,为早期发现学龄前儿童语言认知功能障碍提供客观依据。方法对2015年8月-2020年1月健康体检的220例3~5岁学龄前正常儿童进行事件相关电位检测,采用声影匹配任务刺激,记录头皮电极Fz、Cz和Pz点N400的潜伏期和波幅。其中对127例记录了F3、F4点N400的潜伏期和波幅。结果学龄前正常儿童3~5岁组N400的潜伏期随年龄增加有逐渐缩短的趋势,但其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);N400的波幅存在随着年龄增长逐渐降低的趋势,在Fz点和Cz点3岁~组和4岁~组[Fz点(-10.95±9.78) vs.(-6.40±6.53)μV, Cz点(-12.48±9.45) vs.(-7.71±7.80)μV]、3岁~组和5岁~组[Fz点(-10.95±9.78) vs.(-7.01±7.47)μV,Cz点(-12.48±9.45) vs.(-7.62±7.90)μV]的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别和左右侧对学龄前儿童N400潜伏期和波幅的影响不显著(P>0.05)。结论学龄前儿童的N400波形清晰稳定,潜伏期和波幅随着年龄增长而变化。

Objective To study the latency, waveform characteristics and development of the N400 component of event-related potential in normal preschool children, so as to provide objective indicators for early detection of language cognitive impairment in preschool children. Methods A total of 220 normal preschool children aged 3 to 5 years who took physical examination from August 2015 to January 2020 performed sound and shadow matching tasks, and event-related potentials were tested, then the latency and amplitude of N400 in scalp electrodes F;, C;, and P;were recorded.The latency and amplitude of N400 in F3 and F4 were recorded in 127 cases. Results The latency of N400 in 3-to 5-year-old children showed a decreasing trend gradually with increasing age, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The amplitude of N400 showed a tendency to decrease gradually with age, and the differences was significant in F;and C;between 3-year-old children and 4-year-old children [Fz:(-10.95±9.78)μV vs.(-6.40±6.53)μV,Cz:(-12.48±9.45)μV vs.(-7.71±7.80)μV], between 3-year-old children and 5-year-old children [Fz:(-10.95±9.78)μV vs.(-7.01±7.47)μV, Cz:(-12.48±9.45)μV vs.(-7.62±7.90)μV](P<0.05).Effects of gender and lateralization on N400 latency and amplitude in preschool children were not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion The waveform of N400 is clear and stable in preschool children, with latency and amplitude changing with age.