贵州泡核桃主产区叶片矿质元素营养诊断

Mineral Nutrition Diagnosis of Leaves in the Main Juglans sigillata Dode Cultivation Areas in Guizhou

以贵州省黔西北高海拔冷凉区、黔北高纬度冷凉区和黔西南、黔南高海拔地区的127个典型核桃园植株为试材,测定叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硼(B)元素的含量,采用适宜值偏差百分数法(DOP)对4个核桃产区进行叶片矿质营养诊断,以期为贵州泡核桃栽培中的科学施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:贵州泡核桃叶片矿质元素的适宜值范围为N 2.38%~2.84%,P 0.27%~0.39%,K 0.69%~1.07%,Ca 2.44%~3.08%,Mg 0.67%~0.91%,Fe 162.15~235.67 mg·kg^(-1),Mn 132.92~204.52 mg·kg^(-1),Cu 13.81~17.71 mg·kg^(-1),Zn 20.41~28.93 mg·kg^(-1),B 32.61~46.85 mg·kg^(-1)。贵州省核桃主产区核桃叶片中B、K极为缺乏,N较缺乏,Zn基本满足,Mn、Cu、Ca、Mg、P充足,Fe存在地区差异。营养不平衡指数(NII_(m))表明贵州4个核桃主产核桃叶片矿质营养平衡性均较差,相比之下黔西南平衡性最好,其他3个地区差异不大。综上所述,贵州省核桃园中普遍急需增施B、K肥,其次是N肥,黔南地区需增施Fe肥,同时控制Mn、Cu、Ca的吸收,提高叶片矿质元素的平衡性。

Taking 127 typical walnut orchards which located in northwestern high altitude cold areas,northern high latitudes,southwestern and southern high altitude areas of Guizhou as test materials,the contents of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn)and boron(B)in leaves were determined.The leaves′mineral nutrition was diagnosed by the method of percentage deviation of suitable value(DOP),in order to provide a reference for scientific fertilization in the cultivation of J.sigillaia in Guizhou.The results showed that the appropriate value range of leaves mineral elements in walnut main cultivation of Guizhou was as follows,N 2.38%-2.84%,P 0.27%-0.39%,K 0.69%-1.07%,Ca 2.44%-3.08%,Mg 0.67%-0.91%,Fe 162.15-235.67 mg·kg^(-1),Mn 132.92-204.52 mg·kg^(-1),Cu 13.81-17.71 mg·kg^(-1),Zn 20.41-28.93 mg·kg^(-1),B 32.61-46.85 mg·kg^(-1).Among all the elements,B and K were extremely deficient,N was relatively deficient,Zn was basically abundant,Mn,Cu,Ca,Mg and P were sufficient,and Fe had differences among areas.The nutrition imbalance index(NII_(m))showed that the mineral elements in leaves of the four main walnut producing areas were all imbalance.The balance of southwestern area was the best,and that of the other three areas was not different.In conclusion,it was in urgent need to use B and K fertilizer,N fertilizer management was also need to strengthen,and Mn,Cu and Ca fertilizer should be controlled in all walnut production areas,however,Fe fertilizer should be additional application in southern of Guizhou.At the same time,it was also need to improve the balance of leave′s mineral elements in the walnut orchard of Guizhou Province.