我国苹果生产的植保托管需求分析与发展思考

Demand Analysis and Development Thinking of Plant Protection Trusteeship of Apple Production in China

植保环节是种植业产生环境污染和农产品质量安全风险的重要来源,水果是我国种植业的重要组成部分,果园植保高投入的特点使之成为制约种植业绿色发展的瓶颈。我国的水果生产以小农户为主,果园用药普遍存在不合理、不科学的问题,对其用药的管控难以有效实现。基于对主产区300余个苹果种植户的调查访问,首先回顾了我国苹果生产的发展历程和特点,分析了苹果生产中存在的问题,提出了小农户常规栽培管理是造成果园环境污染和水果质量安全隐患的主要原因的观点;其次从社会需要、农户需求、农户意愿3个层面分析了我国小农户苹果生产的植保托管需要,指出了构建果园植保托管体系的必要性;最后从我国水果产业绿色发展的视角,针对政府、服务者、农户3个行为主体提出了建议。

Plant protection is an important source of environmental pollution and quality and safety risks of agricultural products in planting industry.Fruit is an important part of planting industry in China.The characteristics of high investment in plant protection in orchards makes it a bottleneck restricting the green development of planting industry.Fruit production in China is dominated by small farmers,and irrational and unscientific drug use in orchards is common,so it is difficult to effectively control the drug use.Based on the investigation of more than 300 apple growers in the main producing areas,this study first reviewed the development history and characteristics of apple production in China,analyzed the problems existing in apple production,and put forward the view that the routine cultivation management of small farmers was the main reason for the environmental pollution of orchards and the hidden dangers of fruit quality and safety.Secondly,from the social need,farmers′needs and farmers′wishes,this study analyzed the needs of plant protection and trusteeship of apple production of small farmers in China,and pointed out the necessity of constructing orchard plant protection and trusteeship system;Finally,from the perspective of green development of China′s fruit industry,some suggestions were put forward for the government,service providers and farmers.