荷兰城市更新政策回顾和述评

Urban Renewal Policies in the Netherlands:Development and Review

荷兰的城市更新政策由来已久。近几十年来,其政策注重对物质环境、社会、经济问题的回应,一些行动也关乎福利体制的演变。在一些时期,政府干预明显地存在于包括城市在内的所有政策领域,但从2010年开始,国家干预逐渐减少,并倾向于支持市场力量。长期以来,荷兰的城市更新政策特点可归结为:在片区干预的基础上促进社会融合,增强社会凝聚力以及加强公众、市场和居民的多方参与。但近期(2010年以来),荷兰的政策倾向新自由主义力量的推动,城市更新政策呈现出政府支持下的私人投资和主导特点,文章就此总结了上述变化对城市社会结构的影响。

Urban renewal policies in the Netherlands have a long history.Over the decades ample attention has been given to either physical,social or economic questions.There were phases in which the state stimulated especially social and redistributive policies in almost all policy domains,including the urban areas;but from 2010 onwards,state intervention was increasingly aimed at stimulating and supporting‘the market’,also in the urban realm.We clarify that the Dutch policy on urban renewal used to focus on improving social cohesion while applying area-based interventions.They promoted a social mix in most neighbourhoods,and the involvement of both public and market partners and residents.Recent policies,however,are driven by a regime with a stronger neo-liberal profile.As a result,urban renewal policies are more firmly characterised by private investors and initiatives,which are supported by the state.We sketch the impact on social urban structures of the changes that occurred.