美国新南方城市的精明增长机制——以夏洛特开放空间拓展为例

Mechanism of Smart Growth in American New South Cities:A Case Study of Charlotte’s Expansion of Open Space System

夏洛特市作为美国新南方城市的代表,在过去20多年间深受精明增长理论的影响,城市经济取得长足发展,其城市结构、交通体系和开放空间系统也发生了根本性变化。本文解析了精明增长理念引导下的规划政策实施过程以及在公平、环境和经济方面取得的积极效应,并着重分析了在制度和空间方面决定精明增长政策目标有效落实的影响因素,即非政府机构"市中心合伙人"的治理方式及其引导下形成的具有明显经济社会效应的新型开放空间形态。笔者希望从精明增长理念的视角为大中型城市在后工业化时代的可持续发展提供具体的策略指引。

As one of the New South cities in the United States,Charlotte has been influenced by the smart growth theory and experienced rapid economic and population growth in the last two decades.Its urban structure,transportation system,and open space system have also undergone fundamental transformations.This paper analyzes the implementation process of planning policy on smart growth and its positive effects on equity,environment and economy.It also focuses on the factors that determine the effective implementation of smart growth policies.Charlotte Center City Partners is the key organization to guarantee the implementation of planning policy;and the Light Rail public space system represents a key area to implement the smart growth policies with positive economic and social impacts.It aims to shed new lights on the sustainable development of cities under post-industrial transition.