德国自然保护地立法体系述评及其对中国的启示

Review of the Legal System of Protected Areas in German and Its Enlightenment to China

在构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的改革背景下,研究探索适合我国自然保护地体系的立法框架迫在眉睫。本文在剖析我国现有保护地立法体系不健全、立法层级低等问题的基础上,对德国自然保护地立法体系的横向分类和纵向分级进行系统梳理和比较研究,分析其立法框架以"基本法+专类法+相关法"横向分类和在"联邦—州—园区"层面纵向分级的特点和效力。根据我国法制特点,研究提炼出对我国自然保护地立法体系的建议,并借鉴德国经验,从保护目的、管控措施、部门职能和规划编制四个角度探讨国家公园法与自然保护地法的衔接机制。

In the context of reforming protected area system with national parks as the main body,it is urgent to explore a legislative framework suitable for China’s protected area system.Based on the analysis of inadequacy and low level of current protected area legislation system in China,this paper systematically refines and compare the protected area legislation system in Germany in terms of horizontal and vertical classification.We analyze the legislation framework of basic law,special law and relevant law in Germany at the federal,state and district level.According to the characteristics of the legal system in China,this study learns the experience in Germany and refines the recommendations to the legislation system for the protected areas in China.This study explores the connection mechanism of national park act and protected area act from the perspectives of protection purpose,management measure,departmental functions and planning program.