同源异境视野下汉语方言比较研究的新探索

A New Exploration of Chinese Cognate Dialect Comparison from the Perspective of Different Language Environments

汉民族频繁迁徙的历史造成了汉语方言的分化、融合及区外流播与演变。流播在外的同源汉语方言在不同语言环境中,产生了不同方向、不同程度的变化。针对同源异境汉语方言进行比较研究,是相对中观的视角,可在明确接触背景的前提下,有效考察外部语言环境的不同影响,探讨语言接触与方言接触影响下的不同演变机制,同时,还可利用同源方言及其异境变体所形成的空间差异推导演变发生的时间链条;另一方面,语言接触背景下相对稳定的成分亦是汉语方言内部核心特征的呈现。

The history of frequent migration of the Han nationality has resulted in the differentiation and integration of Chinese dialects, and led to the spread and evolution of Chinese dialects outside China. In different language environments, cognate dialects have changed in different directions and to different degrees. A comparative study of Chinese cognate dialects and their variants in different places can effectively investigate the different influences of external language environment on cognate dialects on the premise of a clear contact background, and explore their influence mechanism;at the same time, the spatial differences formed by cognate dialects and their variants in different language environments can be used to deduce the time chain of evolution. On the other hand, the relatively stable components can be seen as the presentation of the core characteristics of Chinese dialects in the context of language contact.