汉语名量词的产生和“数+量+名”结构形成的再考察及相关思考——以出土文献为基础

Re-exploration of Noun-quantifier Generation and the Formation of the Structure of “Numeral+Quantifier+None” and Related Thinking——Based on Unearthed Documents

汉语四大类名量词中,个体量词和容器量词、集体量词同时产生于殷商时代,早于度量衡量词。三者产生的动因是人类生产活动的计数需求。度量衡量词萌芽于西周,成熟于战国末期至秦末,动因是人类生产活动的精确计量需求。泛指量词的兴替历程是语言的经济性原则和象似性原则相互竞争的外在表现。"数+量+名"结构形成的主导因素是韵律层面的重音转移,其语法化的源构式是"动+名+数+量",演化时间始于西周,成熟于汉代,完成于魏晋南北朝。

In the four kinds of Chinese noun-quantifiers, individual-quantifier and container-quantifier、collective-quantifier were produced in the era of Yin Shang, earlier than measure-quantifier.Their reason of production is the counting demand of human production activities.Measure-quantifier was produced in western Zhou Dynasty, matured from the late Warring States Period to the late Qin Dynasty.Its reason of production is the accurate measurement demand of human production activities.The rise of generalized-quantifier is the performance of the competition between the principle of linguistic economy and the principle of linguistic iconicity.The formation of the structure of "numeral+quantifier+noun" is the result of rhythm, and it is the main reason.Its source construction is "verb+noun+ numeral+quantifier".Its evolution begins in the Western Zhou Dynasty, matures in the Han Dynasty, and is completed in the Wei-Jin North and South Dynasties.