环境法损害担责原则法理基础的经济与社会论证

Economic and Social Arguments for Jurisprudential Basis of Principle of Liability for Damages in Environmental Law

损害担责原则作为环境法基本原则,其经济维度的基础是污染行为的负外部性,经济学上的负外部性概念转化为法律上的负外部性,意指行为人因合法或非法的行为损害了他人、社会的权利或受法律保护的利益而应承担法律上的义务和(或)责任。损害担责原则采用了整体主义的法律观,通过运用私法、公法以及公私混合法来解决污染行为的负外部性问题。损害担责原则社会维度的基础在于环境社会连带关系与环境利益冲突、社会公共环境福利、人类追求良好生态环境及追究污染环境违法行为的情感与欲求。

As a fundamental principle of environmental law, the principle of liability for damage sets its economic dimension foundation on the negative externality of pollution behavior. The concept of negative externality in economics transplanted into legal fields is that the actor shall bear legal obligations and/or responsibilities because his/her legal or illegal acts have harmed the rights or interests protected by laws of others and the society. The principle adopts a legal view of collectivism and solves the negative externality of pollution behavior by using private law, public law and public-private mixed law. The social dimension of the principle lies in environmental social association and environmental interest conflicts, social public environmental welfares, and emotions and desires that human beings pursuing good ecological environment and punishing violations of environmental pollution.