近60年庐山旅游气候舒适度变化特征分析

Analysis on Tourism Climate Comfort Variation Characteristics in Mount Lu During the Past 60 Years

基于庐山市1960—2019年逐年逐日气温、相对湿度、平均风速和日照时数等气象资料,在分析气候变化的基础上,以温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数和综合舒适度指数为评价指标,探讨庐山旅游气候舒适度变化特征.结果表明:庐山近60年气候变化显著,气温上升趋势明显(0.213℃/Da),年均温上升约1.278℃,年平均风速明显降低(-2.4 m/s),相对湿度稳定(78%左右),日照时数明显减少(-1.2 h/d);Mann-Kendall突变检验结果显示,除气温突变点在2001年外,风速、日照和相对湿度突变点均集中在20世纪80年代;气候舒适度指数显示,5月、6月和9月是庐山最佳旅游舒适期,12月至次年2月为庐山旅游不舒适期;近60年平均舒适期为4月8日至7月3日和8月17日至10月16日,舒适天数明显增加(3.38 d/Da),不适天数明显减少(-2.98 d/Da).庐山旅游舒适天数在年际间呈增多的趋势,对该地区旅游业发展是一个有利因素.

Based on the meteorological data of daily temperatures, relative humidity, average wind speeds and sunshine hours in Mount Lu in the past 60 years, through the analysis of meteorological changes, the change characteristics of tourism climate comfort in Mount Lu are discussed by taking temperature humidity, wind efficiency, clothing and comprehensive comfort as evaluation indexes. The results show that the climate has changed significantly and the temperature has increased considerably (0.213 ℃/Da) in the past 60 years. The annual average temperature has increased by about 1.278 ℃, while the annual average wind speed has decreased notably ( -2.4 m/s). The relative humidity has been stable (about 78%) and the sunshine hours have been reduced significantly ( -1.2 h/d ). The Mann Kendall mutation test results showed that except for the temperature mutation point in 2001, the mutation points of the wind speed, sunshine and relative humidity were concentrated in the 1980s;According to the climate comfort index, the best comfortable period of Mount Lu tourism is May, June and September, and the uncomfortable period is from December to February of the next year. The average comfortable period in the past 60 years is from April 8 to July 3 and from August 17 to October 16. The comfortable days increase significantly (3.38 d/Da) and the discomfort days decrease substantially ( -2.98 d/Da). The number of comfortable days of tourism in Mount Lu is increasing year by year, which is a favorable factor for the development of tourism in this area.