中国生物化学课程教学改革的历程(1985~2021)与成绩——基于NVivo 11 Plus软件的系统分析

The Records and Successes of Biochemistry Teaching Reform(1985~2021)in China:A Systematic Analysis Based on NVivo 11 Plus Software

课程是人才培养的核心要素,是学生从大学里受益最直接、最核心和最显效的途径。生物化学是生命科学中重要的核心课程。梳理我国生物化学课程教学改革的变迁对促进全国生物化学教育事业的发展具有实践意义。本文收集了自1985年以来,生物化学教学改革研究的文献5871篇。按照国家主要教育方针政策和策略转变文件,将文献按其年份划分为1985~2006,2007~2012,2013~2016和2017~2021四个阶段。运用软件NVivo 11 Plus对文献题录文本和关键词进行相似性分析表明,生物化学课程教学研究与国家教育发展策略相适应,具有鲜明的时代特征。依据扎根理论,通过编码处理和客观分析,将生物化学教学研究划分为"教学策略"、"教学方向"、"教学对象"和"教学评价"四个范畴。详细阐述了"以学生为中心"的生物化学教学改革研究取得的成效:整合包括结构性思维、问题导向、团队合作、翻转课堂和线上线下混合的多种教学方法;结合包括多媒体、虚拟仿真和互联网的先进教学技术;发掘思政元素并将思政教育贯穿到生物化学教学全过程。从强化学生学习能力,关注学习效果和促进学生发展的多元角度促进我国生物化学教学事业的全面发展。

The curriculum is the core element for talent cultivation that produces most direct,central and tangible benefits for college students.And biochemistry is an important core curriculum of bioscience.It is practical to clarify the changes in biochemistry teaching research in China.In the present study,5871 literatures on biochemistry teaching research were collected since 1985.The literatures were divided into four stages according to the main educational policy and strategy documents as:1985~2006,2007~2012,2013~2016 and 2017~2021.The title and keywords were analyzed by the software of NVivo 11 Plus.The results from the correlation analysis showed that the development of biochemistry teaching reform was adapted to the strategy of the national education development.The studies for biochemistry teaching research were further grouped into education strategy,education subject,education object and education assessment through coding and objective analysis based on grounded theories.The connotation of student-centered biochemistry education research was elaborated in detail.Multiple teaching methods such as structural thinking,problem-based learning,team-based learning,blended learning and online-offline learning should be integrated.New teaching techniques such as multimedia,virtual simulation and internet should be converged.Curriculum ideological and political courses should be explored and applied throughout the biochemistry education.This study is helpful to promote the comprehensive development of biochemistry education in China from the perspectives of strengthening learning ability,paying attention to the learning effect,and promoting the students′development.