摘要
为探讨不同物料蛋白发酵物防控苹果连作障碍的可行性,以盆栽平邑甜茶为试材,设连作土(对照)、灭菌土(高标对照)和分别在连作土中添加蚯蚓发酵物、大豆粕发酵物、杂鱼发酵物等5个处理,测定土壤微生物总量、有害真菌数量、土壤酶活性、土壤酚酸类物质含量、平邑甜茶生物量和植株根系相关指标。结果表明添加3种不同蛋白发酵物均能有效提高连作土壤细菌数量,降低真菌数量,改变了连作土壤中的真菌群落结构,其中添加蚯蚓发酵物降低有害真菌效果最好,尖孢镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌、腐皮镰孢菌和串珠镰孢菌分别比连作土(对照)降低了59.2%、52.0%、64.9%和67.1%。3种发酵物也不同程度地提高了连作土壤中的土壤酶活性,降低了土壤酚酸类物质含量。蚯蚓发酵物处理的平邑甜茶幼苗生物量明显高于连作土(对照),植株干质量比对照提高了90.22%。发酵物也促进了植株根系的生长、根抗氧化酶活性和呼吸速率的提高,效果最为显著的蚯蚓发酵物,根系的总根长、表面积、根体积和根尖数分别比连作土(对照)提高了147.21%、225.87%、299.85%和291.03%,SOD、POD、CAT和根系呼吸速率分别比连作土(对照)提高了46.90%、133.94%、197.69%和113.23%。综上,不同物料蛋白的发酵物均能通过调节微生物群落结构、改善连作土壤环境、促进植株生长等途径不同程度地缓解苹果连作障碍对幼树造成的危害,综合各项指标来看,蚯蚓发酵的效果最为显著。
This study aims to explore the feasibility of different material protein fermentation products to alleviate apple replant disease. A pot experiment was conducted using Malus hupehensis seedlings as the test material,and five treatments(replanted orchard soil(control),sterilized replanted orchard soil,earthworm fermentation product,soybean meal fermentation product,waste fish fermentation product)were set up. The total amount of soil microorganisms,the number of harmful fungi,soil enzyme activities,the content of soil phenolic acids,the biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings and the related indexes of plant roots were determined. The results showed that protein fermentation products of three different materials could effectively increase the number of bacteria,reduce the number of fungi and changed the fungal community structure in replanted soil. Among them,earthworm fermentation product had the best effect on reducing harmful fungi,Fusarium oxysporum,F. proliferatum,F. solani and F. moniliforme decreased by 59.2%,52.0%,64.9% and 67.1%,respectively,compared with replanted orchard soil(control). Three different fermentation products also increased soil enzyme activity and decreased the content of phenolic acids in replanted soil. The plant biomass of earthworm fermentation product treatment was significantly higher than that of replanted orchard soil(control)treatment,and the plant dry weight increased by 90.22%. The fermentation products also promoted the growth of plant roots,the root antioxidant enzymes and the root respiration rate. Among them,earthworm fermentation product had the most significant effect. The total fine root length,total fine root surface area,root volume and root tip number of earthworm fermentation product were increased by 147.21%,225.87%,299.85% and 291.03%compared with replanted orchard soil(control),respectively. SOD,POD,CAT and the root respiration rate were increased by 46.90%,133.94%,197.69% and 113.23% compared with replanted orchard soil(control),respectively. In summary,the fermentation products of different protein materials can alleviate the damage of replant disease to young apple trees in varying degrees by adjusting the microbial community structure, improving the replanted soil environment, and promoting plant growth.Comprehensive consideration of various indicators,the effect of earthworm fermentation products is the most significant.
作者
潘凤兵
陈冉
姜伟涛
王海燕
吕毅
沈向
陈学森
尹承苗
毛志泉
PAN Fengbing;CHEN Ran;JIANG Weitao;WANG Haiyan;LÜYi;SHEN Xiang;CHEN Xuesen;YIN Chengmiao;MAO Zhiquan(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Weihai Acedemy of Agricultural Sciences,Weihai,Shandong 264200,China)
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期395-406,共12页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32072510)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MC131)
山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ008)
泰山学者项目(ts20190923)
山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF020)
山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)。
关键词
苹果
连作障碍
蛋白质
发酵
土壤生物环境
apple
replant disease
protein
fermentation
soil biological environment