《海事劳动公约》的机制创新与中国海事劳动法治的衔接建议

Mechanism Innovation of Maritime Labour Convention and Suggestions on Improvement of China’s Maritime Labour Regulation

如何以符合《海事劳动公约》的方式保护海员并有效解决涉外海员劳务合同纠纷,正日益成为中国涉外海事立法和司法审判的难题之一。文章基于规范分析,采取横向与纵向比较方法,评析《海事劳动公约》吸引包括中国在内的众多国家批准的机制创新,并透过中国对《海事劳动公约》及其修正案的建设性参与,挖掘中国在海员劳动保护方面的有益探索及存在的不足。为更好地实施该公约,文章建议以当前中国1992年《海商法》修改为契机,从立法层面构建以《海商法》"船员"章为核心的海事劳动法律体系,拓展衔接公约及其2016年和2018年修正案所要求的海员权益保障的广度和深度,并增强内容的针对性;同时,建议从执法和司法层面完善海事三方协商、监督检查和海事劳动争议处理机制。

Currently it has been one of the critical legislative and judicial problems as to how to protect seafarers and how to tackle employment disputes for them in a way that is consistent with the Maritime Labour Convention.To this purpose,the article takes normative analysis both vertically and horizontally,commenting first on the regime innovations of Maritime Labour Convention that are attractive to a vast number of countries including China in terms of ratification. Then, the article compares the normative difference between China’s domestic law and the requirements of the Maritime Labour Convention while recognizing China’s constructive participation in the negotiation process of the convention and its amendments. Experience and deficiency are explored. To respond to the implementation problems,it is suggested that from the legislative level,with the present opportunity of the revision of the Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China( 1992),the Chapter of Seafarers should be enriched in compliance with the requirements of the Maritime Labour Convention with full and pertinent substance.From the administrative and judicial levels,it is suggested that mechanisms regarding maritime tripartite consultation,inspection and supervision,as well as maritime labor dispute settlement,should be improved.