我国及周边地区松属白松亚组系统学研究进展和保护现状

Current status of taxonomy,systematics and conservation of the white pines in China and adjacent regions

合理的物种划分和深入的系统学研究对理解物种的进化历史、物种编目以及生物多样性保护具有重要意义。松属(Pinus)是裸子植物中最大的一个属,也是北半球针叶林的重要组成成分。白松亚组(Subsect.Strobus)隶属于松属白松亚属(Subg.Strobus)五针松组(Sect.Quinquefoliae),是松属物种数目最多的亚组之一,其中半数以上物种分布在我国及周边地区。白松亚组(又称五针松亚组)所有物种针叶均为五针一束,由于形态相近、种间遗传分化小和野外调查不充分,这些五针松的物种界定和种间关系一直存在很多争议。此外,亚热带地区大多数五针松物种的地理分布非常狭窄或群体片断化严重,已有多个物种被IUCN评估为受威胁物种。在2021年9月我国新发布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》中,大别山五针松(Pinus dabeshanensis)和毛枝五针松(P.wangii)也由原国家二级保护野生植物调升为国家一级保护野生植物。近年来,得益于系统发育基因组学在裸子植物等大基因组的木本植物类群中的成功应用,我国及周边地区五针松的种间关系和群体历史得到初步解析。本文主要回顾和总结了我国及周边地区的五针松在系统分类、群体遗传及物种保护等方面取得的进展和存在的不足,提出未来应当充分重视基础研究和野外调查,并加强学科交叉以及新技术和新方法在相关研究中的应用以实现濒危物种的精准保护。

Background&Aims Species delimitation and systematic analysis are essential for species catalogue and biodiversity conservation.Pinus,the largest genus of conifers and arguably,is the most important genus of trees in the northern Hemisphere.In this genus,subsect.Strobus is one of the most species-rich and taxonomically problematic lineages.East Asia(mainly China and adjacent regions)harbors more than half of the subsect.Strobus species(or five-needle pines),and most of them have narrow or very patchy distribution.Of them,a number of species are included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Recently,Pinus dabeshanensis and P.wangii were upgraded from second-level protection to top-level protection on the newly released China’s List of Wild Plants under State Priority Conservation.This paper summarizes the progresses and problems in taxonomy,population genetics and conservation of the white pines distributed in China and adjacent areas,which would be helpful for accurate species conservation.Review Results In recent years,with the successful application of phylotranscriptomics in gymnosperms,the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the white pines distributed in China and adjacent regions were mostly resolved.Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies have been taken for protecting the threatened white pines.Nevertheless,we still need a better of knowledge to understand the endangered mechanism and the evolutionary potential of these pines to respond to environmental change.Perspectives Extra effort should be put on basic research and field investigation.We propose to integrate multiple disciplines and strengthen the application of new technologies and approaches in the research to promote accurate species conservation.