生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿的证成与适用

Confi rmation and Application of Punitive Damages for Eco-environmental Damage

当前环境私益损害惩罚性赔偿已被普遍接受,为保证环境侵害二元后果的同步救济,应当积极探索建立生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度,并以此改善当下环境司法实践困境,推动私法上完全赔偿、充分救济以及公法上惩治不法、维护秩序目标的实现。以《民法典》第1232条作为生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿的基本裁判依据,符合立法者的真实意图、过错归责的内在逻辑以及公益维护的整体思路,但仍需细化生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿的构成要件、数额计算等具体规则,以确保类案类判。

At present,punitive damages for damage to environmental private interests has been generally accepted.In order to ensure simultaneous relief of the dual damage consequences of environmental infringement,it is necessary to actively explore the establishment of a punitive damages system for eco-environmental damage.With this system,the current dilemma of environmental justice practice will be improved,and it will be more conducive to the realization of complete compensation and adequate relief in private law,as well as the realization of the goals of punishing illegality and maintaining order in public law.Article 1232 of the Civil Code is the legal basis for punitive damages for eco-environmental damage,which is in line with the legislator’s true intentions,the inherent logic of fault imputation,and the overall idea of public welfare maintenance.However,it is still necessary to refine the constitutional elements and amount calculation of punitive damages for eco-environmental damage to ensure that similar cases receive consistent judicial judgments.