域外乏燃料所有权主体比较研究及对我国的启示

Comparative Study on Ownership Subjects of Spent Fuel Abroad and Its Enlightenment to China

乏燃料具有极高的危害性,同时也具备一定的利用价值。目前我国《核安全法》及相关法律法规没有对乏燃料所有权主体作出规定,现实中存在所有权主体不明晰、安全责任主体与收益主体不明确等诸多问题。在其他国家,如美国、加拿大、法国和日本等,均对乏燃料所有权主体及所有权如何在主体之间转移作了立法规定。按照乏燃料管理模式的不同,可以分为"一次通过"模式和后处理模式,在这两种模式下,乏燃料的性质不同,所有权主体的性质以及转移方式亦不尽相同,值得进行比较和研究。我国应当明确乏燃料的所有权主体,建立完备的乏燃料管理法律制度作为安全保障。

Spent fuel has high harmfulness and certain utilization value.At present,China’s nuclear safety law and relevant laws and regulations do not provide for the ownership subject of spent fuel.In reality,there are many problems,such as unclear ownership subject,unclear safety responsibility subject and income subject.In other countries,such as the United States,Canada,France and Japan,there are legislative provisions on the subject of spent fuel ownership and how to transfer ownership between subjects.According to the different management modes of spent fuel,it can be divided into “one pass” mode and post-treatment mode.Under these two modes,the nature of spent fuel is different,and the nature and transfer mode of ownership subject are also different,which is worthy of comparison and research.China should clarify the ownership subject of spent fuel and establish a complete legal system of spent fuel management as a security guarantee.