创新目标在《反垄断法》上的定位与实现——兼评《反垄断法(修正草案)》第1条

Orientation and Realization of Innovation Goal in Anti-Monopoly Law: Comment on Article 1 of the Anti-Monopoly Law(Draft Amendment)

在反垄断法上,创新与竞争双向互动。反垄断法通过维护市场经济的底层运行机制——竞争来促进创新,创新亦会促进竞争。创新目标是反垄断法目标谱系中的关键构成,它是效率目标的子目标,内含于效率目标当中。在我国《反垄断法》已经明文确立效率目标的情况下,修法时,没有必要且不应当将"鼓励创新"写入《反垄断法》第1条。"鼓励创新"入不入法都不会对《反垄断法》促进创新功用的发挥产生实质影响。入法反倒可能会引起不同目标在解释与适用上的混乱。真正需要关注并着力解决的问题是,疏通《反垄断法》确立的"正向激励""反向遏制"这两条创新实现之路。具体而言,在个案中,反垄断执法机构、法院应当从定性、定量的维度深入考察竞争行为的创新效果,缓解创新豁免等制度在反垄断实践运用中的困境;另一方面,应当准确解释《反垄断法》第13条、14条、17条等条文中的"禁止"一词,切实保障《反垄断法》创新功能的发挥。

In the context of Anti-Monopoly law,competition and innovation influence each other.The AntiMonopoly law promotes innovation by maintaining the underlying operating mechanism of the market economycompetition.The innovation goal is a key component of the Anti-Monopoly law goals.It is a sub-goal of the efficiency goal and is contained in the efficiency goal.As China’s Anti-Monopoly Law has clearly established efficiency goal,there is no need to put “encourage innovation” into Article 1 of the Anti-Monopoly Law when amending it.This will cause confusion in the interpretation and application of different goals.Failure to putting “encourage innovation” into the law will not have a substantial impact on the role of the Anti-Monopoly Law in promoting innovation goals.The real problem that needs to be concerned and resolved is to dredge the two innovative realization roads of “positive motivation” and “reverse prohibition” established by the Anti-Monopoly Law.Specifically,innovations should be accurately identified from qualitative and quantitative dimensions to alleviate the dilemma in the practical application of the innovation exemption system.On the other hand,it should accuratelyinterpret the provisions of Articles 13,14 and 17 of the Anti-Monopoly Law,especially the term “prohibition” which play an important role in guaranteeing the full play of its innovative functions.