论我国垄断协议类型序列的立法完善

On the Legislative Perfection of the Normative Categories of Monopoly Agreements in China

我国《反垄断法》有关垄断协议的规定,确立了横向垄断协议与纵向垄断协议的二分类型序列。这样的设置有特定的背景、理据,但也带来了规范类型失调和规范类型缺漏的问题。一方面,二分类型及其相应规则容易造成框架效应和规则操纵;过分凸显二者的区分,缺乏对其协同并用的眼光,难以对共谋、排斥、扭曲、剥削等反垄断法意义上的损害形成全面关注。另一方面,二分类型及其相应规则无法周延地涵摄各种垄断协议特别是非典型轴辐协议,使轴心主体逃逸于《反垄断法》的制裁。鉴于类比推理和法律续造难以有效应对上述问题,有两种潜在的修法选择:一是变革性的方案,即对横向与纵向垄断协议规则予以整合完善;二是改良性的方案,其主要举措之一是增加组织帮助型垄断协议的规定。《反垄断法》修法草案采取了"部分改良"的方案,相关条文仍有待完善。

The Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) of the People’s Republic of China establishes the classification of horizontal monopoly agreement and vertical monopoly agreement.Such setting has its specific background,rationale and practical considerations,but it also leads to the problem of maladjustment and lack of norms.On the one hand,it is easy to cause the framework effect and rule manipulation,and the excessive separation of horizontal and vertical monopoly agreement rules is not conducive to the formation of a comprehensive attention to collusion,exclusion,exploitation,distortion and other antitrust injuries.On the other hand,the rules of horizontal and vertical monopoly agreement are difficult to include all kinds of monopoly agreements,especially the non-typical hub-and-spoke agreement,which makes the hub operator escape from the sanction of AML.In this regard,there are two kinds of amendment schemes:one is to integrate and improve the rules of horizontal and vertical monopoly agreement;the second is to increase the provisions of the organization-helping monopoly agreement.In fact,the draft amendment of AML has adopted the plan of “partial improvement”,and there is still room for further improvement of the relevant provisions.