商事交易中及时支付制度研究

On the Timely Payment System in Commercial Transaction

商事交易中的拖欠账款问题主要源于双方在交易中的地位存在事实上的不平等,对此仅依赖民法典中的相关规定来解决是不够的,因此,有必要由立法机关通过制定法律的方式建立一套防止拖欠账款的及时支付制度。在立法时,应当区分国家机关等公法人与商事大型企业,对于前者应当设定最长付款期限,而对于企业间的交易则宜规定一个弹性的付款期限,同时,可通过公开信息披露和信用机制来激励大型企业在交易中尽可能地缩短付款期限。

The problem of arrears in commercial transactions mainly stems from the de facto inequality of the status of both parties in the transaction.It is not enough to rely solely on the legal rules of civil code to solve this problem.Therefore,it is necessary for the legislature to enact Timely Payment Act to prevent arrears.The legislation should distinguish between public legal persons such as state agencies and large commercial enterprises.For the former,the maximum payment period should be set,while for transactions between enterprises,a flexible payment period should be set.Large enterprises can be encouraged to shorten the payment period as much as possible through public information disclosure and credit mechanism.