国外草原生态环境监测体系现状及对我国的启示

GRASSLAND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA

[目的]加强草原生态环境监测体系建设对于草原生态环境保护具有十分重要的意义。国际草原生态环境监测和信息服务体系建设,已经开始以数字化管理技术为切入点,实现网络化、空间化、智能控制为主的全面信息化阶段,能够提供系统的数字信息和实用的数字化产品。[方法]文章通过文献综述的方法对美国、澳大利亚、欧盟等草畜业先进国家的草原生态环境监测体系现状和发展特点进行了分析。[结果]通过对国外草原生态环境监测体系现状进行分析可以归纳出如下5条值得我国借鉴的经验做法:(1)从政策大局上转变养殖方式,保护生态环境;(2)构建完善的草原生态环境监测评价体系;(3)加强草原信息化体系建设;(4)设立专门的资金项目加大专业人员的培训及与科研机构的合作;(5)促进畜牧生产的可持续发展。[结论]提出我国草原生态环境监测体系发展建议,对完善我国草原信息服务体系和推动我国草原畜牧业现代化、产业化进程具有借鉴意义。

It is very important to strengthen the construction of grassland ecological environment monitoring system for grassland ecological environment protection. The construction of the international grassland ecological environment monitoring and information service system has begun to take digital management technology as the starting point, and has realized a comprehensive informatization stage dominated by network, space and intelligent control, which can provide systematic digital information and practical digital products. In this paper, the present situation and development characteristics of grassland ecological environment monitoring system in developed countries such as USA, Australia and EU were analyzed by means of literature reviews.The results were showed as follows. Through the analysis of the current situation of grassland ecological environment monitoring system in foreign countries, the following five experiences and practices had been summarized.(1) To change the breeding mode from the overall policy to protect the ecological environment.(2) To build a perfect grassland ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system.(3) To strengthen the construction of grassland information system.(4) To set up special fund projects and increase the training of professionals and cooperation with scientific research institutions.(5) To promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry production. On this basis, the development suggestions of grassland ecological environment monitoring system in China are put forward, which can be used for reference to improve China’s grassland information service system and promote the modernization and industrialization of grassland animal husbandry in China.