不同心理干预方式对中学生心理健康状况改善的影响

Effects of different psychological interventions on the improvement of mental health condition of middle school students

目的探讨不同心理干预形式对中学生心理健康状况改善程度的影响。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,从山东省济宁市选择八所初中的60个班和三所高中的38个班,共选择学生5052名。采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)对抽取的学生进行心理状况评估,并随机抽取六个初中班和六个高中班各分成三组,分别进行六次团体心理辅导、心理健康讲座、家长讲座,干预结束后比较干预效果。结果共回收有效问卷4861份,其中初中生2879名、高中生1982名,有效率分别为95.14%和97.83%。初中生SCL-90各因子得分均高于高中生,差异有统计学意义(t值介于4.176~8.595之间,P<0.05);除强迫状态和敌对外,初中生的因子阳性率均高于高中组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值介于20.872~168.317之间,P<0.05);除强迫状态和抑郁外,进行团体辅导及心理讲座的初高中生因子阳性率均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值介于3.900~11.066之间,P<0.05);家长讲座干预前后所有因子的阳性率与干预前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);团体辅导组与心理讲座组干预后所有因子的阳性率降低比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中学生心理问题,尤其是初中生的心理问题,需要重视并加以解决。多进行以人际关系为主题的团体心理辅导和学生心理健康讲座能有效改善中学生的心理健康状况。

Objective To explore the effects of different psychological interventions on the improvement of mental health condition of middle school students.Methods According to the method of stratified cluster random sampling,a total of 5052 students were selected from the 60 classes in eight junior high schools and 38 classes in three senior high schools in Jining,Shandong province.Symptom checklist-90(SCL-90)was used to assess the mental health condition of the selected students.And six classes of junior high school and six classes of senior high school were randomly selected and divided into three groups for six times interventions of group psychological counseling,mental health lectures and family education lectures,respectively.The intervention effects were compared after finishing intervention.Results A total of 4861 valid questionnaires were collected,of which 2879 were junior high school students and 1982 were senior high school students.The valid rates were 95.14%and 97.83%,respectively.The scores of all factors of SCL-90 of junior high school students were higher than those of senior high school students,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.176-8.595,respectively,P<0.05).The positive factor rates of junior high school students were higher than those of senior high school students,except for obsessive-compulsive state and hostility,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=20.872-168.317,respectively,P<0.05).The positive factor rates in the junior and senior high school students with group psychological counseling and mental health lectures were lower than those before intervention,except for obsessive-compulsive state and depression,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.900-11.066,respectively,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rates of all factors in the group of family education lectures before and after intervention(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of all factors between the groups with group psychological counseling and mental health lectures(P>0.05).Conclusion The mental health problems of middle school,especially in junior high school students,should be paid attention and addressed.More group psychological counseling and mental health lectures with the theme of interpersonal relationships could effectively improve the mental health conditions of middle school students.