外泌体在寄生性原虫与宿主相互作用中的功能研究进展

Research progress on the function of exosomes in parasitic protozoan-host interaction

外泌体(exosomes)是由多种细胞分泌的大小均一的囊泡样小体,可携带蛋白质、脂质、核酸等生物活性成分,在细胞间物质与信息的传递中发挥重要作用。寄生性原虫可以利用多种机制产生外泌体并广泛传递其自身分子;当宿主细胞受到虫体入侵时,也会产生外泌体应对寄生虫感染。另外,寄生性原虫感染过程中虫体和宿主细胞产生的外泌体也可以参与调控宿主的基因表达和免疫反应以及其他的生物学进程。文章主要综述了外泌体在寄生性原虫与宿主互作过程中的功能,以期为寄生虫病的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。

Exosomes are vesicle-like bodies of uniform size secreted by a variety of cells, which can carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other biological active components, and play an important role in the transmission of substances and information between cells. The parasitic protozoans can utilize various mechanisms to generate exosomes and widely transmit their own molecules. Exosomes are also produced when host cells are invaded by parasites in response to parasitic infections. In addition, exosomes produced by parasitic protozoa and host cells during infection can also participate in the regulation of gene expression, immune response and other biological processes of the host. In this paper, the functions of exosomes in the interaction between parasitic protozoa and host were reviewed in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases.