赤峰地区11个青贮玉米品种品质的比较研究

Comparative study on quality of 11 silage maize varieties in Chifeng area

为了筛选综合性状较优的青贮玉米品种,试验测定11个青贮玉米品种(安早10、东单1991、金岭青贮10、文玉3号、CP1685、新饲玉14、奥玉青贮5102、东单1331、屯玉661、雅玉8号、新饲玉11)的物候期观测指标(播种期、出苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、吐丝期、乳熟期、腊熟期)、农艺性状指标(株高、穗位高、单株叶片数、茎粗)、产量指标(鲜草产量、鲜干比和干草产量)和营养成分(干物质、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维),并采用灰色关联分析法对11个青贮玉米品种的品质进行综合评价。结果表明:11个青贮玉米品种均能在赤峰地区完成整个生育期,生育期为94~125 d,其中最短的是安早10,最长的是新饲玉11。11个青贮玉米品种的株高在260.02~327.04 cm之间,最高的是雅玉8号,最低的是安早10;穗位高在103.50~175.01 cm之间,最高的是雅玉8号,最低的是安早10;单株叶片数在12.13~18.71片之间,最多的是奥玉青贮5102,最少的是安早10;茎粗在18.62~24.98 cm之间,最大的是奥玉青贮5102,最小的是东单1991。11个青贮玉米品种的鲜草产量在59 333.33~144 000.00 kg/hm;之间,最高的是雅玉8号,最低的是安早10;干草产量在31 941.01~50 845.69 kg/hm;之间,最高的是屯玉661,最低的是奥玉青贮5102;鲜干比在1.75~4.33之间,最大的是奥玉青贮5102,最小的是安早10。11个青贮玉米品种的干物质含量在93.93%~94.90%之间,最高的是奥玉青贮5102,最小的是东单1331;粗蛋白含量在8.88%~10.00%之间,最高的是奥玉青贮5102,最低的是新饲玉14;酸性洗涤纤维含量在16.97%~26.02%之间,最高的是奥玉青贮5102,最低的是安早10;中性洗涤纤维含量在36.39%~48.86%之间,最高的是奥玉青贮5102,最低的是安早10。奥玉青贮5102的综合表现最优,然后依次是雅玉8号和新饲玉11,安早10和东单1991较差。说明在11个青贮玉米品种中,奥玉青贮5102为最适宜在赤峰地区种植的优质且高产的青贮玉米品种。

In order to screen silage maize varieties with better comprehensive traits, observation indexes(seeding date, seedling stage, shooting stage, tasseling stage, silking stage, milk stage, ripening stage), indexes of agronomic traits(plant height, ear height, leaf number per plant and stem thick), production indexes(fresh grass yield and fresh-dry ratio and hay yield) and nutrient content(dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber) of crop age from 11 silage maize varieties(Anzao 10, Dongdan 1991, Jinling silage 10, Wenyu No.3, CP1685, Xinsiyu 14, Aoyu silage 5102, Dongdan 1331, Tunyu661, Yayu No.8,Xinsiyu 11)was measured. The quality of 11 silage maize varieties was evaluated by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that all the 11 silage maize could complete the whole growth period in Chifeng area, and the growth period ranged from 94 to 125 days. The growth period of Anzao 10 was the shortest, and that of Xinsiyu 11 was the longest. The plant height of 11 silage maize varieties ranged from 260.02 cm to 327.04 cm, the highest was Yayu No.8 and the lowest was Anzao 10. Ear height ranged from 103.51 cm to 175.01 cm, the highest was Yayu No.8 and the lowest was Anzao 10. Leaf number per plant ranged from 12.13 to 18.71, the most was Aoyu silage 5102, and the least was Anzao 10. The stem thick ranged from 18.62 cm to 24.98 cm, the largest was Aoyu silage 5102, and the smallest was Dongdan 1991. The fresh grass yield of 11 silage maize varieties ranged from 59 333.33 kg/hm;to 144 000.00 kg/hm;, the highest was Yayu No.8, and the lowest was Anzao 10. Hay yield ranged from 31 941.01 kg/hm;to 50 845.69 kg/hm;, the highest was Tunyu 661 and the lowest was Aoyu silage 5102. The fresh-dry ratio ranged from 1.75 to 4.33, the largest was Aoyu silage 5102, and the smallest was Anzao 10. The dry matter content of 11 silage maize varieties ranged from 93.93% to 94.90%, the highest was Aoyu silage 5102, and the lowest was Dongdan 1331. The crude protein content ranged from 8.88% to 10.00%, the highest was Aoyu silage 5102, and the lowest was Xinsiyu 14. Acid detergent fiber content ranged from 16.97% to 26.02%, the highest was Aoyu silage 5102, and the lowest was Anzao 10. Neutral detergent fiber content ranged from 36.39% to 48.86%, the highest was Aoyu silage 5102, and the lowest was Anzao 10. The comprehensive performance of Aoyu silage 5102 was the best, followed by Yayu No. 8 and Xinsiyu 11, Anzao 10 and Dongdan 1991 were poor. The results indicated that among 11 silage corn varieties, Aoyu silage 5102 was the most suitable silage variety with high quality and high yield for planting in Chifeng area.