聚苯胺纳米纤维的共溶剂界面聚合及储能性能研究

Co-solvent interfacial polymerization and energy storage properties of polyaniline nanofibers

本文采用以盐酸溶液为水相、四氯化碳为有机相的界面聚合法,通过向水相中分别引入具有非对称结构的甲醇和乙醇,以及具有对称结构的异丙醇和丙三醇作为共溶剂,成功制备出聚苯胺纳米纤维。采用场发射扫描电镜、紫外可见光谱和傅里叶红外光谱对其形貌和结构进行了表征分析,并通过循环伏安测试、恒流充放电测试和交流阻抗测试着重研究了不同共溶剂在酸性电解液下对聚苯胺纳米纤维储能性能的影响。研究表明:共溶剂的引入能够提高聚苯胺的质子化程度,有利于改善电化学性能。其中,以具有对称结构的异丙醇为共溶剂所制备的聚苯胺纳米纤维具有最低的电化学阻抗,在5 mV·s^(-1)的扫描速率下的比电容值达928.6 F·g^(-1),500次循环后比电容保留率为62.2%,展现出最高的储能性能。

Polyaniline nanofibers were prepared by interfacial polymerization with hydrochloric acid solution as aqueous phase and carbon tetrachloride as organic phase,in which co-solvents with asymmetric structure such as methanol and ethanol,as well as symmetrical structure such as isopropyl alcohol and glycerol were introduced in the aqueous phase.The morphology and structure were characterized by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy,Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Furthermore,electrochemical behaviors in acidic electrolyte were tested by cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results showed that the existence of co-solvents could improve the protonation degree and electrochemical properties of polyaniline nanofibers.It turned out that polyaniline nanofibers prepared by isopropyl alcohol with symmetrical structure as co-solvent displayed the lowest electrochemical impedance,the highest specific capacitance of 928.6 F·g^(-1)at scan rate of 5 mV·s^(-1),as well as the best cycling stability of 62.2%after 500 cycles.