2008-2020年海南省定安县手足口病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ding’an county of Hainan from 2008 to 2020

目的分析2008-2020年定安县手足口病流行特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法收集"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"报告的2008-2020年定安县手足口病的发病和日常疫情监测资料,采用描述流行病学方法,进行流行病学分析。结果2008-2020年定安县共报告手足口病11476例,年均发病率261.00/10万,年度间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4350.93,P<0.001),发病率呈波浪式起伏。除2017年和2020年未监测到重症病例外,其他各年度共监测到重症手足病94例,其中EV71型肠道病毒占所有感染病毒型57.89%;2018年1例因EV71肠道病毒感染死亡;手足口病发病年龄组以0~4岁为主,除2020年外,各年度发病率男性均高于女性,差异均有统计学意义;发病最高月份分别为4月、5月、7月和10月,聚集性或暴发性疫情最高发月份是4月;发病率较高的乡镇为新竹、定城、龙河、岭口和黄竹。结论定安县手足口病年龄、性别、时间和地区分布特征明显,每隔3年有一发病高峰,落实好健康宣传教育、疫苗预防接种等综合措施,才能降低重症和死亡病例发生率。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Ding’an county from 2008-2020,and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of the disease.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was conducted to analyze the data of HFMD incidence from 2008 to 2020 reported through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and daily epidemic monitoring in Ding’an county.Results In total,11476 cases of HFMD were reported in this region from 2008-2020,and the average annual incidence was 261.00/105.The difference of annual incidences,showing a fluctuation,was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4350.93,P<0.001).There were a total of 94 severe cases of HFMD,and the severe cases were detected every year except 2017 and 2020,Among them,EV71 enterovirus accounted for 57.89% of all infected viruses,one case died in 2018 due to EV71 enterovirus infection.The main cases were 0-4 years old,and the annual incidences in males were higher than those in females every year except 2020 with a statistical significance.April,May,July and October were months with the highest incidence,and April was characterized with cluster or outbreak.The townships with higher incidence included Xinzhu,Dingcheng,Longhe,Lingkou and Huangzhu.Conclusion The distributions of age,sex,time and region show obvious differences,and there is a peak incidence of HFMD every three years.Only by implementing the comprehensive measures such as education promotion and vaccination,the incidence of severe HFMD and fatal cases can be reduced.