木本油料脂肪酸组成、提纯及其应用研究进展

Research Progress of Fatty Acid Composition,Purification and Application of Woody Oil

木本油料是我国传统工业油料,应用领域广泛,可作为优质的食用植物油的来源,也可作为生产生物柴油的原料,并且还被用于饲料添加剂和化妆品行业。木本油料中C12~C18不饱和脂肪酸含量高,易被人体吸收,不同提取技术(压榨法、水酶法、超声波辅助法、浸出法等)对木本油料的脂肪酸组成及含量的影响较小。本文对橡胶籽油、核桃油、椰子油、山苍子核仁油、牡丹籽油、油茶籽油和棕榈油等7种木本油料的资源量、应用情况做了简单介绍,并综述了7种木本油料的脂肪酸组成及其提取纯化技术,重点介绍了木本油料中的中长碳链不饱和脂肪酸的提纯技术,并对提纯后的月桂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的应用进行了综述和展望。

Woody oil is a traditional industrial oil in China,which has a wide range of industrial applications.It can be used as a source of high-quality edible vegetable oil,and also as a raw material for biodiesel production.It is widely used in feed additives and cosmetics industry.The content of C12-C18 unsaturated fatty acids in woody oil is high,which is easily absorbed by the human body.Different extraction technologies(pressing method,water enzymatic method,ultrasonic assisted method,leaching method,etc.)have little effect on the fatty acid composition and content of woody oilseeds.This article firstly briefly introduced the resources and applications of 7 woody oils,including rubber seed oil,walnut oil,coconut oil,Litsea cubeba kernel oil,peony seed oil,camellia seed oil and palm oil.The fatty acid composition of seven woody oils and their extraction and purification technology were summarized,and the extraction technologies of medium and long carbon chain unsaturated fatty acids in woody oils were emphatically introduced,and the applications of purified lauric acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid were reviewed and prospected.