供需视角下新能源汽车产业政策差异分析

An Analysis of Policy Difference of New Energy Vehicles Industry from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

探寻供需双侧扶持政策的差异性,促进政策配置的合理化,是进一步推动新能源汽车产业发展的必要举措。以中央政府和15个省份出台的新能源汽车产业政策文本为基础,运用政策计量分析和政策内容分析方法探讨政策的发布时间、发布部门及政策类型,描绘中央和地方政府以及不同地方政府之间的新能源汽车产业政策差异,进而探讨政策差异的内在根源。结果表明,中央政府发布政策数量呈波动上升趋势,地方政府积极响应中央政策;政策发布和主管的部门在中央和地方层面存在“脱节”现象,加大了政策落实的难度;产业政策的类型、侧重点在不同地方各有特征,高收入地区更倾向于需求侧政策,低收入地区则以供给侧政策为主。中央政府应在把握新能源汽车产业政策总体方向的基础上,引导地方政府合理调节“供给”和“需求”两类政策结构,因地制宜,有针对地实施差异化的扶持政策。

To further develop new energy vehicles industry,it is necessary to explore the difference of support policies between supply and demand and to promote the rationalization of policy allocation.Based on the new energy vehicles industry policy text issued by the central government and 15 provinces,this paper first explores the differences associated with policy release time,release department and policy type among the central and local governments and among different local governments by the policy measurement and content analysis method,and then discusses the internal root causes of the policy difference.The results are as follows:the number of policies issued by the central government shows an upward trend and local governments respond to the central policies actively;there is a"disconnection"between the competent departments at the central and local levels,which makes it more difficult to implement the policy;the focus of industrial policy is heterogeneous in different regions,high-income areas are more inclined to demand-side policy,and low-income areas are mainly supply-side policy.By grasping the overall direction of the policy,the central government should guide the local government to adjust the policy structures of"supply"and"demand"reasonably and implement the differentiated support policy.