陕北地区环保型麻地膜覆盖玉米栽培效果的研究

Study on the Application of Environment-friendly Bast Fiber Mulching Film in Northern Shaanxi

为解决陕北地区田间“白色污染”问题以及实现该地区农作物增产目标,试验测试环保型麻地膜、塑料地膜和无膜在陕北地区保温、保湿和保持土壤肥力方面的性能,以及玉米在不同处理下生长和产量特性。结果表明:塑料地膜和环保型麻地膜的保温、保湿性能显著优于无膜覆盖,塑料地膜的性能优于环保型麻地膜;环保型麻地膜覆盖下速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量略高于塑料地膜覆盖,与无膜覆盖相比,分别提高了17.46%、41.76%、20.55%;环保型麻地膜和塑料地膜覆盖下玉米的生长和产量性状无明显差异,但明显优于无膜覆盖,其中玉米均早熟7~8 d,产量分别增加了10.83%和11.42%。该研究为环保型麻地膜在陕北地区的推广应用提供了理论和实践指导。

In order to solve the problem of "white pollution" in the field in northern Shaanxi and achieve the purpose of increasing crop production in this area, the performance of heat and moisture preservation, soil fertility were tested by using the bast fiber mulching film, plastic film, and no film in northern Shaanxi. Moreover, the growth and yield of corn under different treatments were tested. The results indicated that the heat and moisture preservation effect of environment-friendly bast fiber film and plastic film were significantly higher than that of no film, and the performance of plastic film was better than that of environment-friendly bast fiber film. The contents of available N, P and K under plastic film mulching were slightly higher than those under plastic film mulching, which were increased by 17.46%, 41.76% and 20.55%. There was no significant difference in growth and yield characters between plastic film mulching and bast fiber film mulching, but it was superior to no film mulching. The average maturity of corn under bast fiber film mulching and plastic film mulching was 7-8 days earlier than that under no film mulching, and the yield of corn was increased by 10.83% and 11.42% respectively. This study can provide theoretical and practical guidance for the promotion and application of bastfiber mulching film in northern Shaanxi.