近代汉语“唱”的特殊用法研究

On the Special Usage of “chang” in Modern Chinese

“唱”的本义是“倡导”,中古汉语中发展出“呼喊”义,到近代汉语中又发展出“大声宣读,唱颂”义。该义既可以带动词性宾语,也可以带名词性宾语。带名词性宾语时,如果其后的宾语不是受事,那么,这个名词性宾语蕴含了一个谓词性的事件结构,但不能就此判断动词“唱”获得了该谓词性结构中动词的语义。动词“喝”的情况同样如此,它与“唱”在“呼喊”和“大声宣布”等几个语义下都是同义词,二者还形成了两个同素逆序的并列复合词“唱喝”与“喝唱”,两个复合词都从单音节动词那里继承了类似的语义及功能。只有理清动词及其论元之间的语义关系,才能更好地掌握整个论元结构,也就能够更好地理解其中动词的语义。

The original meaning of“chang”(唱)is advocating.In medieval times,it developed the meaning of shouting.In modern Chinese,it also developed the meaning of read aloud and chanting.This meaning can not only take a verbal object,but also take a nominal object.In the case of taking a nominal object,if the subsequent object is not a patient,the nominal object contains a predicate event structure.But the verb chang herein can’t be interpreted as getting the meaning of the verb in the predicate structure.The same is true of the verb“he”(喝),which is synonymous with chang in sever-al semantic meanings such as shout and announce aloud.They also form two coordinate compound words with the same morphemes but following different word orders,i.e.“changhe”(唱喝)and“hechang”(喝唱).Both compounds inherit similar semantics and functions from these two monosyl-labic verbs.Only by clarifying the semantic relationship between verbs and their arguments can we better grasp the whole argument construction and better understand the semantics of its verb.