苏鲁毗连地区方言声调的读音类型、分布与演变

The Phonological Types, Distribution and Evolution of the Dialects in the Su-Lu Cross-Border Regions

文章以苏鲁毗连地区的47个方言点为研究对象,主要考察舒声调系统、古入声的读音类型、分布与演变,并对官话方言交界线上的存古与创新现象进行了初步的探讨。舒声调系统有南京型、芜湖型、徐州型、济南型、扬州型5种读音类型,其中,南京型、芜湖型、徐州型、济南型的声调系统经历了链式变化过程。古入声有江淮(古)型、江淮(新A)型、江淮(新B)型、中原(古)型、中原(新A)型、中原(新B)型、中原-冀鲁过渡型、冀鲁型、冀鲁-胶辽过渡型、胶辽型10种读音类型。由江淮(古)型到江淮(新A)型是调值上的变化,由江淮(古)型到江淮(新B)型兼具调类和调值的变化。由清、次浊入与全浊入两分变为中原(古)型,再变为中原(新A)型或中原(新B)型反映了古入声消失的过程。官话方言交界线上的方言兼具创新和保守两种特性。

Based on data collected from 47 dialect points in the cross-border regions of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, this paper mainly studies the types and changes of the long tone system and the entering tone and discusses the phenomenon of ancient preservation and innovation on the boundary line with Mandarin. There are seven types of long tone system which include the Nanjing type, the Wuhu type, the Xuzhou type, the Jinan type and the Yangzhou type. Among them, the Nanjing type, the Wuhu type, the Xuzhou type and the Jinan type have undergone a chain change. There are ten entering tone types which include the Jianghuai(ancient) type, the Jianghuai(new A) type, the Jianghuai(new B) type, the Zhongyuan(ancient) type, the Zhongyuan(new A) type, the Zhongyuan(new B) type, the Zhongyuan Jilu type, the Jilu type, the Jilu-Jiaoliao type and the Jiaoliao type. The entering tone has experienced the change in the tone pitch from the Jianghuai(ancient) type to the Jianghuai(new A) type while the changes of both tone categories and tone pitch takes place from the Jianghuai(ancient) type to the Jianghuai(new B) type. The change from the separation type between the voiced entering tone and the voiceless, nasal voiced entering tone to the Zhongyuan(ancient) type and then to the Zhongyuan(new A) type or the Zhongyuan(new B) type reflects the vanishing processes of the entering tone. The dialects on the boundary line with Mandarin dialects are characteristic of both innovation and ancient preservion.