锌冶炼先进工艺技术及应用实践

Advanced Industrial technological innovation and application practice of zinc smelting

中国已经连续多年成为全球最大的锌生产国和消费国,随着节能环保压力的增大与资源回收利用要求的提高,推进锌行业技术进步与工艺创新已经势在必行。本文在系统概述我国锌工业冶炼工艺状况的基础上,对近十年的锌冶炼工艺技术创新与应用实践成果进行了总结。目前现有的湿法炼锌工艺正逐步回归常规浸出流程,朝着设备大型化、浸出渣无害化的方向发展,侧吹浸没燃烧熔池熔炼等渣处理技术发展迅速;热酸浸出-赤铁矿除铁工艺具有较大发展潜力,已经实现工业化;全湿法加压富氧浸出工艺生产成本仍然高于常规湿法工艺,其适合于硫酸需求量小、运输成本高的企业;新型高效火法炼锌工艺可以有效利用熔渣显热、降低能耗及碳排放,同时工艺集中程度高,缩短了工艺流程,无论在原生矿冶炼方面还是在含锌二次物料的处理回收方面已经成为未来的发展趋势。

For many years, China has been the world’s largest producer and consumer of zinc.With the increasing pressure of energy conservation, environmental protection, and resource recycling requirements, it is imperative to promote technological progress and process innovation in the zinc industry. Based on a systematic overview of the status of zinc smelting process in China, this paper summarizes the technological innovation and application practice of zinc smelting process in the past decade. At present, the existing zinc hydrometallurgy process is gradually returning to the conventional leaching process, and is developing in the direction of large-scale equipment and harmless leaching slag, and slag treatment technologies such as side blowing submerged combustion bath smelting is developing rapidly. The hot acid leaching-hematite iron removal process has great development potential and has been industrialized. The production cost of the pressurized oxygen-enriched leaching process is still higher than that of the conventional process, which is suitable for enterprises with small demand for sulfuric acid and high transportation costs. The new high-efficiency zinc pyrometallurgical process has become the future development trend whether in primary ore smelting or in the recovery of zinc-containing secondary materials, because the high concentration and shortened flow, and it can effectively utilize the sensible heat of slag, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.