康德定言命令公式的建构主义修正性阐释

A Constructivist Revision of Kant’s Categorical Imperative Formulas

罗尔斯基于社会正义理论对康德的定言命令诸公式作出了建构主义阐释,但这一阐释将面临与康德一样的诘难。近来,国内学者李科政从“严格的方法”“无知之幕的限定”两个方面修正了罗尔斯这一建构程序。但这些修正并不完全是一种康德式的,其中会产生诸多新的质疑。因此,文章提出了一种新的建构主义阐释,该阐释一方面主张普遍法则公式包含在自然法则公式和目的公式之中,它在建构程序中是用于保证符合法则的准则的道德价值;另一方面强调自律公式是作为自我立法的普遍法则公式,它限制了普遍法则公式道德价值的来源是其他任何形式的外在对象。

Rawls has made a constructivist interpretation of Kant’s categorical imperative formulas based on the theory of social justice,but this sort of interpretation will encounter the same criticism as Kant did.Recently,Chinese scholar Li Kezheng has revised Rawls’constructivist procedure from two aspects:“the strict method”and“the restriction of the veil of ignorance”.But his revisions are not entirely Kantian,which give rise to many new doubts.Therefore,a new interpretation of constructivism has been put forward in this paper.On the one hand,this interpretation advocates that the FUL(Formula of Universal Law),which is used to ensure the moral value in accordance with the law and the norms,should be analytically included in the FLN(Formula of the Law of Natural)and the FE(Formula of End);On the other hand,the interpretation emphasizes that the FA(Formula of Autonomy)is the FLN to give itself the moral law,which limits the circumstance that the moral value of the FUL is derived from any other form of external object.