胰肾联合移植术后病人生活质量现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of status quo and influencing factors of patients'quality of life after simultaneous pancreas⁃kidney transplantation

目的:调查胰肾联合移植(SPKT)术后病人生活质量现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:选取2019年1月-2020年2月在广东省某三级甲等医院接受SPKT且出院后接受随访的108例SPKT术后病人作为研究对象,采用自编的一般资料调查表、简明健康状况量表(SF-36)进行横断面调查。结果:SPKT术后病人SF-36中的生理功能、生理职能、总体健康及社会功能维度得分低于我国常模,但高于我国糖尿病肾病透析病人和国外SPKT手术病人等待者(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,进入躯体方面回归方程的是SPKT术后时长、经济负担、照顾者(P<0.05);进入心理方面回归方程的是SPKT术后时长、经济负担(P<0.05)。结论:SPKT可以在一定程度上改善病人生活质量,其生活质量受SPKT术后时长、经济负担、照顾者等因素影响,护士应基于可干预因素,针对性地采取护理措施以改善SPKT术后病人的生活质量。

Objective:To investigate status quo and influencing factors of patients'quality of life after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation(SPKT),and analysis the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 108 patients after SPKT was selected as the research subjects,who received SPKT in a large tertiary grade A hospital in Guangdong Province from January 2019 to February 2020 and accepted follow-up after discharge.The self-compiled general information survey form and Short-form health survey 36(SF-36)were used for cross-sectional survey.Results:The dimensions scores of physical functioning,role limitations due to physical problems,general health,and social functioning of patients after SPKT were lower than Chinese norm,but higher than those of diabetic nephropathy patients undergoing dialysis in China and those were waiting for SPKT surgery in abroad(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that length of time after SPKT operation,economic burden,and caregivers were screened into the regression equation about physical(P<0.05),and length of time after SPKT operation and economic burden were screened into the regression equation about psychology(P<0.05).Conclusions:SPKT can improve quality of life of patients to a certain extent.The quality of life is affected by factors such as length of time after SPKT,economic burden,and caregivers,and so on.Nurses should take targeted nursing measures based on intervenable factors to improve quality of life of patients after SPKT.