沙漠越野车多连杆独立悬架结构的优化设计

Optimal Design of Multi-link Independent Suspension Structure of Desert Sports Utility Vehicle

由于汽车行业内多连杆悬架造价高、结构复杂,故其大多运用于高档越野车。多连杆独立悬架需要同时满足驾驶安全性和操作稳定性要求,且这两个要求互相独立,难以平衡。为取得良好的驾驶舒适度,需要多次小幅度地增加汽车的缓冲效果,以减少车身的震动,但这不利于很好地控制汽车的转向,容易造成汽车的转向操纵不稳定,所以设计汽车悬架需要合理协调驾驶安全性和操作稳定性这两方面需求。由于沙漠路面的特殊性,其对车身的冲击作用与常规路面不同,沙漠越野车悬架设计尤为重要。本设计首先阐述了独立悬架的种类及其构造特点,然后对多连杆独立悬架进行设计计算,以满足汽车的行驶平顺性为设计原则,设计多连杆独立悬架的各组成零部件,先后进行计算和校核。通过深入探究,完成了沙漠越野汽车后悬架的设计优化,汽车稳定性和平顺性均有所改善,有效提高其减震性能。

In the automotive industry,because of the high cost of multi-link suspension,complex and diverse struc⁃ture,the multi-link suspension is mainly used in high-end off-road vehicles.This design mainly describes the types of the independent suspension and its structural characteristics,especially the detailed system to introduce the design and calculation of the multi-link independent suspension,in line with the design principle of fully meeting the ride comfort of the car,the design of the multi-link independent suspension of various components,and they were calcu⁃lated and checked.The multi-link independent suspension not only needs to meet the driver's requirements for the safety of the vehicle,but also needs to be able to meet their operational stability requirements,and these two aspects are independent of each other.For example,in order to achieve good driving comfort of the car at the same time,it may be necessary to increase the buffer and reduce the vibration on a car,which is not conducive to the correct con⁃trol of the correct steering of a car,and easy to cause instability in the steering of the car.If the suspension can be de⁃signed for these aspects and achieve a reasonable harmony,then for drivers,they will have the opportunity to truly ex⁃perience the good comfort and safe ride that the premium suspension brings them.Due to the particularity of desert roads,the impact on the body is different from that of conventional roads,and the suspension design of desert offroad vehicles is particularly important.This design first explains the types of independent suspensions and their struc⁃tural characteristics.Secondly,the design and calculation of the multi-link independent suspension are carried out to meet the driving comfort of the car as the design principle,and the components of the multi-link independent suspen⁃sion are designed,calculated and checked.Through in-depth exploration,the design optimization of the rear suspen⁃sion of the desert off-road vehicle was completed.The stability and smoothness of the car are improved,and its vibration damping performance is effectively improved.