从民族主义角度看梁启超对卢梭思想理解的前后变化

Changes in Liang Qichao’s Understanding of Rousseau’s Thought from the Perspective of Nationalism

梁启超对卢梭思想的理解经历了前后不同的变化,从盛赞卢梭为“医国之国手”,到后来的颇多微词,并全面转向伯伦知理的“国家论”。对于这一变化,现有的研究或从梁启超的美国之行进行分析,或将这一变化与梁启超短暂的革命倾向进行关联,客观来说,这些因素可能对他思想的变化有一定影响,但这种影响不应被夸大,更不能说成是主要原因。梁启超对卢梭思想理解的前后变化,是多方面促成的,而他对民族主义思考的深化应该是其中的一个重要因素,更确切地说,这一变化反映的是他对近代中国的社会思想意识的民族主义化进程所做的重新思考与理论选择。

Liang Qichao’s understanding of Rousseau’s thought underwent changes in his life:From a high praise for Rousseau as“a grand master of curing national malaise”through implicit criticisms of Rousseau,to a full support of Johann Kaspar Bluntschli’s state doctrine.For these changes,previous studies either analyze from the perspective of Liang Qichao’s trip to the United States,or connect these changes with Liang Qichao’s short-lived revolutionary tendency.Given that these factors may have a certain impact on the change of his thought,the influence should not be exaggerated,let alone be treated as the main reason.The change of Liang Qichao’s understanding of Rousseau’s thought is prompted by many factors,and his deepening understanding of nationalism is one of the most important ones.To be more specific,this change reflects his rethinking and theoretical choice of the nationalization process of social ideology in modern China.