河道污染底泥成分及其形成机理研究

Research Composition and Formation Mechanism of River Sediment

文章阐述了河道底泥结构和性质,底泥中含有大量的营养物质、微生物和污染物。污染底泥的污染状况分为重金属污染底泥、营养盐污染底泥和有机污染物底泥三类。河道底泥主要是通过污染物的内源和内汇形成,具体取决于污染物在底泥固相和河湖水相之间的分配关系。分析了河道底泥中营养元素在底泥-水之间的扩散动态平衡机理,污染物的释放是一个受多因素综合作用的复杂过程,科学系统的评价污染底泥的特性、污染物特征和对上覆水体污染负荷的贡献是开展底泥疏浚及水生态恢复的基础,为河道污染底泥的修复提供理论依据。

This article described the structure and character of river sediment,which contained a lot of nutrients,microorganisms and pollutants.The polluted sediment could be divided into three categories:heavy metal-contaminated sediments,nutrient contaminated sediment and organic contaminated sediment.River sediment was mainly formed through the endogenous and internal sink of pollutants,which depended on the distribution relationship between the solid phase of sediment and the water phase of river and lake.Dynamic equilibrium mechanism of nutritive element diffusion from river sediment between sediment and water were analyzed in the article.Pollutant release was a more complex process which was affected by many factors.The scientific and systematic evaluation for the characteristics of pollutants,and the contribution rate of pollution load for overlying water body which were basis of sediment dredging and water ecological restoration.The article that provided a theoretical basis for the repair of river polluted sediment.