有国可依与国之大伦——黑格尔现代国家观的政治伦理考量

Having a State To Rely on and The Highest Ethic of State——A Political Ethical Investigation on Hegel’s Viewpoint of the Modern State

黑格尔的国家学说起始于其对无国可依的沉痛忧虑,他把国家看作是人类生活并归属于其中的最高共同体。他认为,单是保护国民的生命和财产权利,或任凭国家的组成部分独立,行使任性自由,国家也就不能真正成其为国家。个人的特殊性和国家的普遍性是最大的伦理关系,现代国家要达到这两者的有中介的间接同一,达到内部的有机团结和获得公民的忠诚。成为国家的成员,是个人的最高义务。

Hegel’s state theory began with his deep concern about having no state to rely on.He regards the state as the highest community in which human life belongs.He believes that a state cannot truly be a state by simply protecting the life and property rights of its citizens,or allowing its constituent parts to be independent and exercising willful freedom.Individual particularity and national universality are the biggest ethical relations.Modern countries should achieve the intermediary indirect identity of the two,achieve internal organic unity and obtain citizens’loyalty.Becoming a member of the state is the highest obligation of individuals.