微生物肥料与化肥减量配施对多年生黑麦草生长的影响

Effects of combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the growth of Lolium perenne

为研究微生物肥料(MF)与化肥(CF)在多年生黑麦草上的最佳施用配比,通过盆栽试验探究了化肥减量20%和40%后分别与60、90、120、150、180 kg·hm^(-2)微生物肥料配施对多年生黑麦草农艺性状、根系形态、营养品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示:80%CF配施90 kg·hm^(-2)MF,多年生黑麦草株高、分枝数和交叉数较对照分别提高12.35%、60.40%和85.10%,差异显著(P<0.05)。80%CF配施120 kg·hm^(-2)MF,茎粗、地上生物量、地下生物量、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量分别较对照提高29.41%、16.84%、45.54%、21.15%、14.59%、166.67%、47.35%、5.71%和37.98%,差异显著(P<0.05);80%CF配施120 kg·hm^(-2)MF,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性分别较对照下降33.12%、10.66%和19.51%,丙二醛含量较对照降低14.54%(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,化肥减量20%配施90~120 kg·hm^(-2)微生物肥料后对促进多年生黑麦草生长效果最佳。

This experiment investigated the effect on perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) herbage yield in a pot experiment,of substituting 20% or 40% of a standard chemical fertilizer(CF) dressing with microbial fertilizer(MF).The CF applied to the control treatment was 300 kg·ha^(-1) of a proprietary fertilizer formulation with percentage nutrient analysis N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=14∶16∶15.MF was prepared by addition of bacterial cultures to a substrate of charcoal and crushed corn stalk and incubation for 7^(-1)0 days.The experimental treatments comprised a 20% or 40% reduction in CF(i.e.240 or 180 kg·ha^(-1),respectively)and replacement with MF at 60,90,120,150 or 180 kg·ha^(-1) making a total of ten CF-MF fertilizer combinations.Effects on agronomic traits including root morphology,nutritional quality and antioxidant enzyme activities of perennial ryegrass were measured.It was found that for the combination 80% CF with 90 kg·ha^(-1) MF,plant height,branch number and numbers of perennial ryegrass root tips,forks and link segments were increased(P<0.05) by 12.35%,60.40% and 85.10%,respectively,compared with the control plants.For the treatment combination of 80% CF with 120 kg·ha^(-1) MF,ryegrass stem thickness,aboveground dry weight,underground dry weight,total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,root tip number,crude protein content and crude fat content were increased(P<0.05)by 29.41%,16.84%,45.54%,21.15%,14.59%,166.67%,47.35%,5.71% and 37.98%,respectively,compared to the control plants.For the same treatment combination,shoot ascorbate peroxidase,super oxide dismutase,and peroxidase activities were decreased by 33.12%,10.66% and 19.51% compared to control plants,while malondialdehyde concentration was 14.54% lower than in the control plants(P<0.05).MF applied at rates of 150 or 180 kg·ha^(-1) appeared to cause plant stress.The results indicate the optimal fertilizer combination to be a 20% reduction in chemical fertilizer and 90^(-1)20 kg·ha^(-1) microbial fertilizer.