缓释肥配施生物有机肥对结球甘蓝生长生理、产量及品质的影响

Effects of fertilizing slow-release fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer on growth physiology,yield and quality of cabbage

【目的】探究缓释肥配施生物有机肥对结球甘蓝生长生理、产量及品质的影响.【方法】以大棚甘蓝为试验材料,对其进行不施肥(CK_(0))、常规施肥(CK)、缓释肥部分代替化肥配施400 kg/667m^(2)生物有机肥(T_(1))、缓释肥部分代替化肥配施800 kg/667m^(2)生物有机肥(T_(2))处理,通过测定生长生理、产量、品质等相关指标,采用相关性分析和主成分分析等方法评价产量及品质差异.【结果】综合以T_(2)处理最优,与CK相比,紧实度、单球质量、产量、叶绿素总量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、经济效益、肥料贡献率分别提高了22.1%、16.3%、16.4%、40.3%、65.8%、19.1%、10.0%、9.3%、17.6%,硝酸盐含量降低34.6%、粗纤维含量降低2.21%,通过主成分分析可知综合得分排名为CK_(0)<CK_(1)<T_(1)<T_(2).【结论】在常规施肥减量45.3%的基础上,用缓释肥替代52.8%的普通化肥,并配施800 kg/667m^(2)生物有机肥为优选处理,可显著提高结球甘蓝产量和品质.

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effect of fertilizing slow-release fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer on growth physiology,yield and quality of Brassica oleracea var.capitata.【Method】The cultivated B.oleracea var.capitata in greenhouse was used as experimental material,and four levels of fertilizing treatments were performed as follows:no fertilization(CK_(0)),conventional fertilization(CK),400 kg/667m^(2)bio-organic fertilizer(T_(1))combined with partial chemical fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer(T_(1)),800 kg/667m^(2)bio-organic fertilizer combined with partial chemical fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer(T_(0)).The methods of correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to test among-treatment differences in growth physiology,yield and quality of the cabbage.【Result】Compared with CK,T_(2)treatment increased the compactness,single ball weight,yield,total chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,vitamin C content of the cabbage,and economic benefit and fertilizer contribution rate by 22.1%,16.3%,16.4%,40.3%,65.8%,19.1%,10.0%,9.3% and 17.6%,respectively;and the content of nitrate and crude fiber were decreased by 34.6% and 2.21% respectively.Through the principal component analysis,the comprehensive scores of the different treatments ranked as follows:CK_(0)<CK_(1)<T_(1)<T_(2).【Conclusion】Based on the reduced conventional fertilization by 45.3%,the application of 800 kg/667m^(2) bio-organic fertilizer combined with slow-release fertilizer replacing 52.8% of chemical fertilizer could significantly improve the yield and quality of the cabbage.