垄作种植残膜回收边膜碎土装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of devices to soil-crushing device for recovery of edge film from ridge planting residual film

【目的】垄作种植覆膜后垄侧两边覆土量较多,在自然状态下土壤容易板结,到秋后回收时起边膜阻力较大,降低了残膜回收率,针对该问题设计了一种适于垄作种植的边膜土壤碎土装置.【方法】该残膜回收装置主要由锥形辊和碎土叶片组成,可完成板结土壤的破碎和抛掷.对碎土装置进行力学分析,获得碎土叶片作业时的工作阻力.结合残膜回收过程作业要求,根据地膜覆土量不同,对不同深度碎土作业进行土槽模拟试验,在前期试验基础上确定影响试验的主要因素,并运用Design-Expert中的Central Composite Design中心组合试验方法对装置的工作参数进行了试验,以碎土深度、碎土辊转速进行二元二次回归旋转组合设计试验,以碎土率和起膜率为试验指标.【结果】最优工作参数组合为:碎土深度为49 mm,碎土辊转速为206 r/min,此时碎土率为74.572%,起膜率为85.672%,试验结果与模型优化结果相对误差都在5%以下.【结论】研究结果可为残膜回收机边膜碎土和起膜机构的完善和优化提供参考.

【Objective】There is more soil on both sides of the ridge after ridge planting and mulching,and the soil is easy to harden under the natural state,and the resistance of the membrane from the edge is larger when it is recovered after autumn,which reduces the recovery rate of the residual membrane.【Method】An edge-membrane soil crushing device suitable for ridge planting was designed for aiming at this problem.The device is mainly composed of tapered rollers and crushing blades,which is able to complete the crushing and throwing of hardened soil.The mechanical analysis of the soil crushing device is carried out,and the working resistance of the broken soil blade is obtained.Combining the operation requirements of the residual membrane recovery process,the soil bin simulation tests on different depths of soil crushing operations were carried out according to the different amount of mulch cover.The main factors affecting the test on the basis of the preliminary test were determined,and an experimental study on the working parameters of the device was carried out by using the method test of Central Composite Design central composite test in Design-Expert.The experimental design of binary quadratic regression rotation combination design was carried out with the depth of soil crushing and the rotation speed of soil crushing roller,and the soil crushing rate and film rising rate were taken as the experimental indexes.【Result】The soil crushing depth of the optimal working parameter combination was 49 mm,soil crushing roller speed was 206 r/min,and the soil crushing rate and the membrane-lifting rate was 74.572%,85.672% respectively.The relative errors of the test results and the model optimization results were all below 5%.【Conclusion】The results can provide a reference for the improvement and optimization of the side membrane crushing and membrane-lifting mechanism of the residual membrane recovery machine.