不同浓度次氯酸钠处理对牙本质粘接的影响及异抗坏血酸钠的恢复作用

Effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on dentine adhesion and the recovery application of sodium erythorbate

目的:根管治疗术是治疗牙髓和根尖周炎症最有效且常见的方法,在根管预备的过程中,化学冲洗起到关键作用。次氯酸钠(sodium hypochlorite,NaOCl)是目前临床广泛应用的根管冲洗液,然而它可能会在发挥杀菌、溶解功能的同时,影响根管治疗后牙本质与修复材料间的粘接强度,导致治疗效果不佳。因此,为保证良好的根管治疗效果,探究NaOCl对牙本质与修复材料间粘接的影响至关重要。本研究旨在探讨不同浓度的NaOCl处理对复合树脂与牙本质间粘接的影响,以及异抗坏血酸钠(sodium erythorbate,ERY)的作用,为根管治疗后牙本质的粘接提供临床指导。方法:选取新鲜拔除的18~33岁青年的第三磨牙70颗,在水冷却下用慢速锯切割获得牙本质试件。实验分为10组,每组14个牙本质试件。其中5组分别为去离子水(deionized water,DW)组、0.5%NaOCl组、1%NaOCl组、2.5%NaOCl组和5.25%NaOCl组,分别用对应液体浸泡20 min,每5 min更换1次液体;剩余5组按照上述相同方法处理后,用DW冲洗1 min,10%ERY溶液浸泡5 min。每组从14个牙本质试件中取4个,在扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)下观察,计算牙本质小管的开口数目并测量直径;每组剩余的10个牙本质试件,经自酸蚀粘接系统粘接及复合树脂固化后制备成粘接试件,用慢速锯切割后,每组获得横截面积约1 mm×1 mm大小的20个条状试件,其中10个条状试件于SEM下观察,分别从树脂突形成、树脂突长度、混合层形成3个方面评估粘接层形态;剩余10个进行微拉伸实验和断裂破坏类型分析。结果:0.5%NaOCl、1%NaOCl、2.5%NaOCl、5.25%NaOCl组随着NaOCl浓度的升高,牙本质小管开口数目和直径均逐渐增加(均P<0.05)。DW、0.5%NaOCl、1%NaOCl、2.5%NaOCl、5.25%NaOCl组使用10%ERY后,牙本质小管开口数目和直径没有显著增加(均P>0.05)。在SEM下,DW、0.5%NaOCl、1%NaOCl及2.5%NaOCl组随着NaOCl浓度的增高,树脂突形成评分逐渐上升;但5.25%NaOCl组的评分较2.5%NaOCl组显著降低(均P<0.05);使用10%ERY与未使用组相比,树脂突形成评分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在SEM下,5.25%NaOCl组的树脂突长度评分显著高于DW、0.5%NaOCl及1%NaOCl组(均P<0.05),与2.5%NaOCl组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);使用10%ERY与未使用组相比,树脂突长度评分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在SEM下,与DW组相比,2.5%NaOCl和5.25%NaOCl组混合层形成评分均显著降低(均P<0.05);2.5%NaOCl+10%ERY、5.25%NaOCl+10%ERY组的混合层形成评分分别显著高于2.5%NaOCl、5.25%NaOCl组(均P<0.05)。与DW组相比,0.5%NaOCl、1%NaOCl及2.5%NaOCl组微拉伸强度均增大,而5.25%NaOCl组则降低(均P<0.05);2.5%NaOCl+10%ERY、5.25%NaOCl+10%ERY组与2.5%NaOCl、5.25%NaOCl组相比,微拉伸强度均增大(均P<0.05)。在断裂模式中,5.25%NaOCl组粘接面断裂的类型显著多于其他组(均P<0.05),而5.25%NaOCl+10%ERY组较5.25%NaOCl组粘接面断裂的类型减少(P<0.05)。结论:当NaOCl浓度低于2.5%时,其可增强复合树脂与牙本质间的粘接强度,并且粘接强度随着NaOCl浓度的增加而增强;但当NaOCl浓度高于5.25%时,则显著降低复合树脂与牙本质间的粘接强度;使用10%ERY能够恢复5.25%NaOCl处理对复合树脂与牙本质粘接强度的不良影响。

Objective: Root canal therapy is the most effective and common method for pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. During the root canal preparation, chemical irrigation plays a key role. However, sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl), the widely used irrigation fluid, may impact the bonding strength between dentin and restorative material meanwhile sterilization and dissolving. Therefore, it’s important to explore the influence of NaOCl on the adhesion between dentin and restoration materials to ensure clinical efficacy. This study aims to explore the effect of NaOCl on dentine adhesion and evaluate the effect of dentine adhesion induced by sodium erythorbate(ERY), and to provide clinical guidance on dentin bonding after root canal therapy.Methods: Seventy freshly complete extracted human third molars aged 18-33 years old,without caries and restorations were selected. A diamond saw was used under running water to achieve dentine fragments which were divided into 10 groups with 14 fragments in each group: 2 control [deionized water(DW)±10% ERY] and 8 experimental groups(0.5%,1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY). The dentine specimens in the control group(treated with DW) and the experimental groups(treated with 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl,2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl) were immersed for 20 min using corresponding solutions which were renewed every 5 min. The other 5 groups were immersed in 10% ERY for5 min after an initial washing with DW for 1 min. Then, we selected 4 dentine fragments from all 14 fragments in each group and the numbers and diameters of opening dentinal tubules were observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM). The other 10 dentine fragments from each group were used to make adhesive samples by using self-etch adhesive wand composite resin. All the above adhesive samples were sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 20 slabs with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm×1 mm using a diamond saw under the cooling water, and then the morphology of 10 slabs in each group’s bonding interface was observed from aspects of formation of resin tags, depth of tags in dentin, and formation of hybrid layer under SEM. The other 10 slabs of each group’s microtensile bond strength and failure modes were also analyzed.Results: Among the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules gradually increased with the rise of concentration of NaOCl solution(all P<0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl,2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules increased after using ERY, but without significant difference(all P>0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, the scores of formation of resin tags under SEM gradually increased with the increase of concentration of NaOCl solution, while the score in the 5.25% NaOCl group decreased significantly compared with the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups(all P>0.05). The scores of length of the tags under SEM in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than the scores of DW, 0.5% NaOCl, and 1% NaOCl groups(all P<0.05), and it was also higher than the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group, but without significant difference(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups(P>0.05). The scores of formation of hybrid layer under SEM in the 2.5% NaOCl and 5.25% NaOCl groups significantly decreased compared with the score of the DW group(all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups(all P<0.05). Microtensile bond strength was greater in the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, but lower in the 5.25% NaOCl group than that in the DW group(all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups(all P<0.05). The incidence of type “Adhesive” of failure modes in the5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than that in other groups(all P<0.05), while the incidence of type “Adhesive” in the 5.25% NaOCl+10% ERY group was lower than that in the 5.25% NaOCl group(P<0.05).Conclusion: The bonding strength to dentine increases with the increase of NaOCl concentration when the concentration lower than 2.5%;whereas it is decreased at a higher concentration(such as 5.25%). 10% ERY has a definite recovery effect on attenuated bonding strength to 5.25% NaOCl-treated dentine.