某家具制造各工序VOCs排放特征及风险评估

Emission Characteristics and Risk Assessment of VOCs From Furniture Manufacturing Processes

以山西省某木制家具制造企业为研究对象,通过苏玛罐和2,4-二硝基苯肼小柱(DNPH)采样并结合气相色谱-质谱仪/氢火焰离子检测器(GC-MS/FID)和高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)分析,研究了家具制造不同工段119种VOCs的排放特征,并利用美国环保署(US-EPA)推荐的健康风险模型对家具制造各工段排放VOCs所致的工人健康风险进行评估。结果表明:厂界上、下风向的TVOCs浓度分别为0.49 mg/m^(3)和0.64 mg/m^(3).贴皮工段、封边工段、底漆涂装和面漆涂装的TVOCs浓度范围为(2.15~183.90)mg/m^(3),封边工段的VOCs浓度最高,贴皮工段和面漆涂装皆以芳香烃为主,底漆涂装以醚酯类为主,封边工段以卤代烃为主。健康风险评价结果显示封边工段的致癌风险平均值高于1.00E-04(US-EPA上限值),主要来自二氯甲烷和乙苯,其它工段的致癌风险为5.45E-06~2.27E-05.本研究结果有助于制定与家具制造行业有关的减排措施和风险管理的决策。

A case study was conducted in a furniture enterprise in Shanxi Province,119 VOCs in different processes of furniture manufacturing were detected by SUMMA canisters and DNPH derivatives sampling combined with GC-MS/FID and HPLC analysis.The health risks of VOCs on workers in various furniture processes was assessed by the health risk model recommended by US-EPA.The results showed that TVOCs concentrations were 0.49 mg/m^(3) and 0.64 mg/m^(3) in the upper and lower wind directions of the plant boundary,respectively.The TVOCs levels ranged from(2.15~183.90)mg/m^(3) in the processes of veneering,edge banding,undercoating and top coating,which was the highest in the edge banding processes.Aromatic hydrocarbons were the main components of VOCs from the veneering and topcoat coating,whereas ether esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons were the dominant species from the undercoating and from the edge banding,respectively.The health risk assessment results showed that the carcinogenic risk was higher than 1.00 E-04(US-EPA upper limit) for high dichloromethane and ethylbenzene levels in the edge banding,which were 5.45 E-06~2.27 E-05 from other processes.The results were helpful for conducting emission reduction measures and risk management related to the furniture manufacturing industry.