明清时期青浦地区的水利与社会

Water conservancy and society in Qingpu area during the Ming and Qing dynasties

青浦地区处太湖水系下游,境内地势低洼,为确保农田旱涝保收,水利建设成为当地一项重要民生工程。自明嘉靖二十一年(1542年)青浦置县,至清宣统三年(1911年)清朝灭亡期间,青浦先民继承和发扬古人治水思想与技术,"浚吴淞""筑圩岸",对吴淞江、淀、泖为骨干的大小河流水系进行多次疏治,并加高加固圩岸,通过对圩内高低田分级控制、分开排涝的具体方法,改造低洼圩田;同时,青浦地区的水利建设在国家、地方、民间社会的共同参与下,协调人口与耕地、利民与扰民之间的矛盾,多元化筹措水利经费,最大限度地减轻人民负担,促进了地方经济社会的发展。

Qingpu area has low-lying terrain with its location in the lower reaches of Taihu Lake water system.Water conservancy construction has become an important local livelihood project to ensure stable yields despite drought or excessive rain.From the establishment of Qingpu County in the 21 st year of Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty(1542) to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in the 3 rd year of Xuantong Period(1911),the ancestors of Qingpu inherited and carried forward the water control ideas and technologies of the ancients to " dredge Wusong" and " build embankment".They dredged and treated the water systems of large and small rivers with Wusong River,Dian River and Mao River as the trunks for many times,raised and strengthened the embankment,and transformed low-lying polder fields through the specific methods of hierarchical control of high and low fields in the embankment and separate waterlogging drainage.In addition,the water conservancy construction in Qingpu area,with the joint participation of the state,local and civil society,mediated the contradiction between population and cultivated land,benefiting the people and disturbing the people,diversified water conservancy funds,minimized the people’s burden,and promoted the local socio-economic development.