先易后难?机会新颖性、有用性和创业者机会开发时机选择

Easy First and Difficult later? Novelty, Usefulness of Opportunities and the Timing of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Exploitation

创业是面向未来的活动,创业者如何选择创业机会开发时机是个有意义的问题。本文通过整合机会的评价维度,围绕创新性刻画机会特征,基于识解水平理论视角,通过对364名商科学生和228名创业者的两次问卷式实验,分别探究机会特征与创业者近期、远期开发意向之间的关系。结果显示,机会的新颖性和有用性会显著增加创业者的机会开发意向,但二者对应的时间距离不同:有用性对于创业者近期开发意向作用要大于新颖性,而对于远期机会开发意向新颖性的重要性要高于有用性。同时,创业者的决策逻辑会影响这一关系:效果推理能够强化新颖性对近期机会开发意向的影响,因果推理能够弱化新颖性与远期机会开发意向的关系。本文的研究结论补充了创业领域中的时间维度研究,加深了对创业者心理过程的理解,对创业者规避时间决策偏差有一定的指导作用。

Entrepreneurship is a future-oriented activity, and how entrepreneurs would choose the timing of entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation is worth considering. By integrating the evaluation dimension of opportunity and characterizing opportunity with innovation, based on the cognitive level theory, this paper explores the relationship between opportunity characteristics and entrepreneurs’ short-term and long-term exploitation tendency through two questionnaire-based surveys of 364 business school students and 228 entrepreneurs. It is shown that novelty and usefulness of opportunities can significantly trigger the exploitation tendency of entrepreneurs, but the corresponding time distance is different: usefulness is more important to entrepreneurs’ short-term exploitation tendency, while the conclusion is reversed in the long-term. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs’ decision-making logic would mediate the relationship between novelty and exploitation tendency: effectuation strengthens the effect of novelty on short-term exploitation tendency, while this effect would be weakened by causation in the long-term. The conclusion may supplement the research of time dimension in the field of entrepreneurship, deepen the understanding of the psychological process of entrepreneurs, and help them to avoid time decision-making biases.