新冠肺炎疫情背景下知识产权国家安全例外规则研究

A Study of National Security Exception Rules of Intellectual Property in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic

新冠肺炎疫情使各国政府考虑基于国家安全例外条款采取特定措施来凌驾专利和其他知识产权,以促进新冠疫苗的获取。国家安全例外条款的内涵和界定在“俄罗斯过境通行案件”和“卡塔尔沙特阿拉伯知识产权案”件中不断具体化,形成一套框架机制。参照这一分析框架,本文重点探讨了国际知识产权视角下的国家安全例外规则的可适用性,主要包括新冠肺炎疫情是否属于“国际关系中的紧急情况”、“基本安全利益”的内涵界定、采取必要行动期间是否属于该紧急情况期间及采取行动是否与紧急情况有较大关联等,以期待该制度为新冠疫苗可及性提供路径。

The Covid-19 pandemic has led governments to consider specific measures to override patents and other intellectual property rights based on national security exceptions to facilitate the production and distribution of.The interpretation of the national security exception is being spec ified in"Russian Transit"case and"Saudi Arabian IP"case,forming a framework mechanism.With reference to this analytical framework,this article focuses on the applicability of the national security exception from the perspective of international intellectual property rights,including whether the Covid-19 pandemic is an"emergency in international relations",the meaning of essential security interests,whether the measures are taken during a specific period and whether the actions are more related to emergency situations,etc.,in anticipation that the system provides a pathway to Covid-19 vaccine accessibility.