论未经许可改进他人商业秘密申请专利的权利归属规则

On the Rules of Ownership of Patents for Improving Others'Trade Secrets without Permission

我国没有关于瑕疵专利权归属的明确法律规定。最高人民法院发布的“2020年裁判要旨摘要”之五,确立了“未经许可使用他人商业秘密并改进后申请专利”的权利归属规则,并试图成为类似案件的判决指引。但这是一件似是而非的判决,裁决结果和司法推理过程存在值得商榷之处。在坚持民法原理与形式逻辑的前提下,应以民法添附理论为鉴,将“未经许可使用他人商业秘密并改进后申请专利”的权利按照促进技术应用和公平原则进行分配,并采用债权救济方式对受损当事方进行赔偿,这对营造健康有序的营商环境和竞争秩序具有重要意义。

There are no clear legal provisions on the ownership of defect ive patent rights in China.The fifth of the"Abstracts of Judgments in 2020"issued by the Intellectual Property Court of the Supreme People's Court established the rules for the attribution of rights to"use others'trade secrets without permission and apply for patents after improvements",and is trying to become a guideline for judgments in similar cases.But this is a specious judgment,the judgment result and the judicial reasoning process are worth discussing.On the premise of adhering to the principles of civil law and formal logic,we should learn from the accession theory of civil law,the rights of"unauthorized use of others'trade secrets and application for patent after improvement"should be distributed according to the principles of promoting technology application and fairness,and the damaged party should be compensated by creditor's rights relief.This is of great significance to creating a healthy and order ly business environment and competition order.