化肥减量配施生物肥对花生衰老特性、干物质积累及肥料利用效率的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Microbial Fertilizer on Peanut Senescence Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency

不合理施肥已成为限制花生产量提高和品质改善的重要因素之一。为制定花生减肥增效施肥方案,本研究采用黑曲霉菌生物肥替代部分化肥,设6个施肥处理,系统研究了化肥减量并配施菌肥对花生衰老特性、干物质积累和肥料利用效率的影响。研究发现,化肥减量10%配施黑曲霉菌生物肥可显著提高花生功能叶片抗衰老相关酶(SOD、POD、CAT)的活性、明显减低MDA含量、延缓叶片衰老,增加中后期干物质积累、保障荚果产量,可提高植株养分回收利用效率、显著提升肥料农学利用率和偏生产力。花生衰老特性指标与各部位干物质量均呈显著或极显著相关关系,与植株养分积累及肥料利用效率间也呈现一定的相关性。综上,化肥减量配施黑曲霉菌生物肥可作为实现花生绿色、高质、高效生产的有效措施。

Irrational fertilization has become one of the important factors restricting the improvement of peanut yield and quality. In order to formulate an effective scheme for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing the efficiency of fertilization for peanut, Aspergillus niger microbial fertilizer was used to replace part of the chemical fertilizer in this study. Six fertilization treatments were conducted to systematically study their effects on the senescence characteristics, dry matter accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency of peanut plant. It was found that 10% of fertilizer reduction combined with A.niger microbial fertilizer could significantly increase the activity of anti-aging enzymes(SOD, POD, CAT) and reduce the content of MDA in peanut functional leaves, which delayed leaf senescence, increased dry matter accumulation in the middle and late growth stages of the plant, and therefore guaranteed peanut yield and improved nutrient recovery and utilization efficiency, significantly enhanced agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of fertilizer. There was significant or extremely significant correlation between senescence characteristics and the dry matter mass of peanut organs, and also certain correlation with nutrient accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency. In conclusion, the chemical fertilizer reduction combined with A.niger microbial fertilizer can act as an effective measure to achieve green, high-quality and high-efficient production for peanut.