邻作婆婆纳对花生苗期主要害虫和天敌种群的影响

The Effects of Neighbouring Veronica persica on the Population of Main Pests and Natural Enemies during Peanut Seedling Stage

为评估婆婆纳(Veronica persica Poir)作为功能植物对花生田苗期害虫的控制作用,本研究调查了花生苗期的主要害虫以及天敌种类,并通过比对花生单作区(对照)与婆婆纳-花生邻作区的主要天敌和苗期害虫花生蚜、蓟马的发生数量,评价婆婆纳在花生田苗期害虫控制中的可行性。结果表明:花生苗期的天敌以食蚜蝇、小花蝽、蚜茧蜂、瓢虫类为主,害虫以蓟马和花生蚜为主。5月30日,婆婆纳区天敌瓢虫类、小花蝽的数量显著高于对照区;6月8日,婆婆纳区食蚜蝇类、天敌瓢虫类、小花蝽和蚜茧蜂类的数量显著高于对照区,而同时期邻作区花蓟马、稻管蓟马和禾蓟马的数量显著低于花生单作区。婆婆纳对苗期花生主要天敌存在明显吸引效应,但并未扩散到邻作花生区,短期内对花生区花蓟马、稻管蓟马以及禾蓟马有一定的控害作用,对花生蚜和其他害虫未见显著控制效果。

In order to evaluate the effects of Veronica persica Poir as a functional plant on the pest control in peanut field during seedling stage, we investigated the main pests and natural enemies during the peanut seedling stage, and evaluated the feasibility of pest control of V.persica during the peanut seedling stage by comparing the occurrence of the main natural enemies and pests including peanut aphid and thrips in the peanut monoculture area(as control) with those in the V.persica-peanut intercropping area. The results showed that the natural enemies during peanut seedling stage were mainly Syrphidae, Coccinellidae, Orius spp. and Aphidiidae, while thrips and peanut aphids were the main pests. On May 30 th, the numbers of Coccinellidae and Orius spp. in V.persica plots were significantly higher than those in the control area. On June 8 th, the numbers of Syrphidae, Coccinellidae, Orius spp. and Aphidiidae in V.persica plots were significantly higher than those in the control area, while the numbers of Frankliniella intonsa, Haplothrips aculeatus and Frankliniella tenuicornis in the intercropping area were significantly lower than those in the peanut monoculture area. The main natural enemies in peanut seedling stage could be attracted by V.persica. However, they did not spread to neighboring peanut plots. They had certain control effect on Frankliniella intonsa and Haplothrips aculeatus and Frankliniella tenuicornis in peanut plots in the short term, but had no significant control effects on aphids and other pests.