吉林地区花生叶部病害的消长规律及不同花生品种(系)的抗病性评价

Dynamic of Peanut Leaf Diseases and Resistance Evaluation on Peanut Varieties in Jilin Region

本研究以30个花生品种(系)为试验材料,探究了花生叶部病害的消长规律及不同花生品种(系)的抗病性。从2020年8月初至9月中上旬收获,每隔7d调查一次,采用双对角线的5点法进行取样调查,共计调查6次,计算病情指数及相对抗病指数。通过调查可知:褐斑病发病最早,在8月初即有病斑发生;黑斑病发病最晚,8月末才零星发生。通过对病害动态分析可知,花生褐斑病和网斑病感病株数均随花生的生长而逐步增加,8月下旬病害迅速发展,在8月末至9月初,病情指数显著增加,9月上旬达到病害高发期。不同的花生品种(系)对叶部病害的抗性存在显著差异。通过本次调查,供试花生品种(系)中发现抗褐斑病品种(系)4个,抗网斑病品种(系)11个,对褐斑病和网斑病的兼抗品种(系)有3个,分别是F1822、冀花914和花育64。

Dynamic changes of leaf diseases of 30 peanut varieties and their resistance were evaluated. The double diagonal 5-point method was used for sampling in every seven days from early August to harvest(about early September) in 2020, and the disease index and relative disease index were calculated. According to the results, peanut brown spot happened firstly in early August, and peanut black spot happened lastly in late August. Through the dynamic analysis on diseases, the number of plants which were infected by peanut brown spot and peanut web blotch were increasing along with the growth of peanut. From late August to early September, disease index was significantly increased. The resistance of different peanut varieties to leaf disease was significantly different. Through the investigation, 4 varieties were resistant to peanut brown spot, 11 varieties were resistant to peanut web blotch. F1822, Jihua914 and Huayu64 were resistant to both peanut brown spot and peanut web blotch.